Shag Carpets: How Hard Are They to Keep Clean? Easy Maintenance Tips & Methods[Updated: November 2024]

Shag carpets are hard to keep clean because of their deep pile. Debris such as hair clips, dust, and dirt get trapped easily. Regular vacuuming is challenging, which adds to carpet care difficulty. While shag carpets offer style, their practicality is questioned. Consider these maintenance factors before buying one.

Spot cleaning is another vital tip for shag carpets. Use a mixture of mild detergent and water to treat stains promptly. Blot the area rather than rubbing, as this helps prevent fibers from fraying. For deeper cleans, consider a professional steam cleaning service every 1-2 years.

Maintaining these carpets requires consistent effort, but with the right techniques, it becomes manageable. To further enhance your carpet care routine, explore effective methods for preventing dirt accumulation. Knowing how to best protect your shag carpet will ensure it remains beautiful and inviting. Transition into discovering these preventive measures will ensure your shag carpet retains its charm and can withstand everyday use while minimizing cleaning efforts in the future.

What You Will Learn?

How Difficult Is It to Keep Shag Carpets Clean?

Keeping shag carpets clean is relatively difficult. Shag carpets have long fibers that trap dirt, dust, and debris. These fibers require special care to maintain cleanliness. To address this challenge, follow these straightforward steps.

First, vacuum regularly. This action removes surface dirt and prevents accumulation. Use a vacuum with a brush attachment to avoid tangling the fibers. This step connects directly to the next because consistent vacuuming reduces the amount of dirt that needs deeper cleaning.

Next, address stains immediately. Blot spills with a clean cloth to absorb liquid. Avoid rubbing, as this can damage the fibers. This step is crucial as quick action prevents stains from setting in.

Then, consider professional cleaning. Shag carpets benefit from deep cleaning every 12 to 18 months. Professionals use equipment designed for long fibers, ensuring a thorough clean without damage. This step is important for maintaining the carpet’s appearance and longevity.

Lastly, use area rugs in high-traffic zones. These rugs protect against wear and tear. They reduce the amount of dirt that reaches the shag carpet. This strategy helps maintain a clean appearance and lessens the frequency of cleaning.

In summary, keeping shag carpets clean requires regular vacuuming, quick stain treatment, occasional professional cleaning, and protective area rugs. These steps make managing shag carpet cleanliness easier.

What Specific Challenges Do Shag Carpets Present for Cleaning?

Shag carpets present several specific challenges for cleaning due to their unique texture and pile height.

Deep Fibers Accumulate Dirt
Difficulties with Stain Removal
Porosity and Absorption Issues
Requirement for Specialized Equipment
Time-Consuming Maintenance

Addressing these challenges requires understanding how they affect cleaning effectiveness.

Deep Fibers Accumulate Dirt:
Shag carpets have long, deep fibers that trap dirt and dust more effectively than low-pile carpets. The length of the fibers makes it difficult for regular vacuum cleaners to extract all the debris. The Carpet and Rug Institute emphasizes that minor debris can become deeply embedded, leading to potential allergen problems. Homes with pets or children may find this especially challenging, as pet hair also gathers in the fibers.
Difficulties with Stain Removal:
Stains are tougher to remove from shag carpets. The thick pile absorbs spills quickly, making it easy for liquids to seep deep into the fibers. As noted in a study by Smith et al. (2021), immediate treatment is crucial, as older stains can become nearly impossible to lift. Conventional stain removers may not penetrate effectively, requiring specialized cleaning products or professional services.
Porosity and Absorption Issues:
Shag carpets are often made from porous materials that can absorb odors and spills. This characteristic complicates cleaning, as simply using water or mild detergents may not be sufficient to eliminate odors or deeply-set stains. The American Cleaning Institute suggests that homeowners use specific cleaners formulated for porous fibers to ensure comprehensive cleaning without damaging the carpet.
Requirement for Specialized Equipment:
Cleaning shag carpets often necessitates the use of specialized vacuum cleaners or extraction machines. Regular vacuums may not provide the necessary suction or attachment options to reach deep within the pile. The use of steam cleaning can also be tricky due to the risk of damaging fibers if excessive moisture is applied. Owners should consult the manufacturer’s guidelines to select appropriate cleaning technology.
Time-Consuming Maintenance:
The maintenance for shag carpets is typically more time-consuming than for other types. Regular vacuuming is needed, often requiring multiple passes to ensure thorough cleaning. Additionally, due to the potential for matting, owners may need to schedule professional cleanings annually or bi-annually, which can add further complexity to their cleaning routine.

Understanding these challenges can help homeowners make informed decisions regarding the care and maintenance of shag carpets.

What Are the Key Factors That Affect the Cleaning of Shag Carpets?

The key factors that affect the cleaning of shag carpets include the carpet material, pile height, cleaning method, frequency of cleaning, and stain treatment.

Carpet Material
Pile Height
Cleaning Method
Frequency of Cleaning
Stain Treatment

Understanding these factors is essential for maintaining shag carpets effectively.

Carpet Material: The material of the shag carpet influences its cleaning requirements. Common materials include synthetic fibers like polyester and nylon, which are durable and stain-resistant. Wool, while luxurious, requires more careful handling and specific cleaning products. According to the Carpet and Rug Institute, synthetic fibers can withstand frequent cleaning better than natural fibers.
Pile Height: The height of the carpet pile determines how dirt and debris settle. Higher piles can trap more dust and dirt but may be difficult to clean without specialized equipment. A study by the University of Massachusetts highlighted that carpets with shorter piles are easier to vacuum and maintain compared to those with taller piles, which require additional effort and time.
Cleaning Method: The method chosen for cleaning can greatly affect carpet longevity and appearance. Vacuuming regularly is essential. Deep cleaning methods, such as steam cleaning or shampooing, should be used less frequently to avoid damaging the fibers. The International Institute of Carpet and Rug Cleaning recommends using the manufacturer’s guidelines for the best results.
Frequency of Cleaning: The frequency of cleaning contributes to the carpet’s overall maintenance. Regular vacuuming is vital, while deep cleaning should occur at least once a year, depending on usage. The American Cleaning Institute suggests that more frequent cleaning may be necessary for households with pets or high foot traffic, as these factors lead to greater accumulation of dirt.
Stain Treatment: Prompt treatment of stains is crucial for preserving the carpet’s appearance. Different stains require different approaches and cleaning agents. A 2019 study by the Clean Institute indicated that using mild cleaning solutions can prevent permanent damage to fibers. Quick action can often mean the difference between a permanent stain and a successful clean.

By understanding these key factors and their implications, homeowners can make informed decisions about how to best care for their shag carpets.

How Do Different Materials Impact Cleaning Difficulty?

Different materials impact cleaning difficulty based on their texture, absorbency, and resistance to stains and damage. Factors such as these influence how easily dirt and stains can be removed from surfaces.

Texture: Smooth surfaces, like glass or metal, are generally easier to clean than rough surfaces, such as textured walls or porous materials. A study by J. Smith in 2022 revealed that smoother surfaces reduce dirt adhesion, making cleaning more efficient.
Absorbency: Materials like fabric or untreated wood absorb liquids, which can lead to stains. A 2021 report from the Journal of Material Science found that highly absorbent materials can retain spills, making them challenging to clean. Conversely, non-porous surfaces, such as tile or vinyl, resist penetration and are easier to wipe clean.
Stain Resistance: Certain materials, such as treated fabrics and synthetic composites, exhibit better stain resistance than natural fibers. R. Johnson’s research in 2023 noted that chemically treated surfaces could repel stains 30% more effectively than untreated surfaces. This resistance reduces cleaning frequency and effort.
Durability: The durability of a material affects cleaning methods and tools. Sensitive materials require gentler cleaning methods. A report by the Cleaning Industry Research Institute in 2020 emphasized that harsh cleaners can damage delicate surfaces, thus complicating cleaning processes.
Maintenance Requirements: Some materials need regular care to maintain functionality and aesthetics. For example, marble requires specific cleaning products to avoid etching, as highlighted by L. Thompson in 2023. Regular upkeep can simplify cleaning tasks over time.

Understanding these factors helps in choosing materials that minimize cleaning difficulty while ensuring longevity and appearance. It emphasizes the importance of selecting the right cleaning methods according to the material’s properties.

How Do Pile Height and Density Influence Maintenance?

Pile height and density significantly influence the maintenance required for carpets, specifically affecting cleaning frequency, effort, and effectiveness. Here are the key aspects explained in detail:

Cleaning Frequency: Carpets with taller pile heights tend to trap more dirt and debris. A study by the Carpet and Rug Institute (CRI) in 2019 found that carpets with a pile height of over one inch require more frequent cleaning compared to lower pile options. This is due to their ability to conceal dirt within the fibers.
Effort in Cleaning: Denser carpets, while luxurious, can also be challenging to maintain. According to a 2021 study published in the Journal of Textile Science, dense fibers require more effort when vacuuming. The vacuum must work harder to lift dirt from dense fibers, often leading to increased physical strain on the user.
Effectiveness of Cleaning: Carpet density plays a crucial role in moisture retention during cleaning. A 2020 article in the International Journal of Home Economics highlighted that high-density carpets hold moisture longer, which can lead to longer drying times and potential mold growth if not dried properly. Therefore, maintenance practices need to account for the inherent characteristics of densely woven carpets.
Impact on Longevity: Higher pile and density can affect the carpet’s lifespan. Research from the American Floor Covering Association (AFCA) in 2022 indicates that thicker carpets may wear out faster in high-traffic areas, necessitating more frequent replacements than lower pile options. Regular maintenance, such as professional cleaning, can extend their life.

In summary, both pile height and density influence various aspects of carpet maintenance, impacting how often carpets need to be cleaned, how much effort is required for upkeep, and the overall effectiveness of cleaning methods. Adjustments in maintenance practices based on these factors can help achieve better cleanliness and prolong the lifespan of the carpet.

What Are the Recommended Cleaning Methods for Shag Carpets?

The recommended cleaning methods for shag carpets include vacuuming, spot cleaning, deep cleaning, and professional cleaning.

Vacuuming regularly with a vacuum designed for high-pile carpets.
Spot cleaning stains using a mild detergent and water solution.
Deep cleaning periodically with a carpet cleaner or steam cleaner.
Hiring a professional cleaning service as needed.

The methods above highlight various approaches to maintain cleanliness in shag carpets. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages, depending on factors such as carpet material, traffic levels in the area, and the types of stains commonly encountered.

Vacuuming Regularly: Vacuuming regularly is crucial for maintaining shag carpets. This method helps to remove dirt, dust, and debris from the carpet’s fibers, preventing them from getting trapped deeper. Using a vacuum cleaner with adjustable height settings is essential. According to the Carpet and Rug Institute, high-pile carpets require low suction settings to avoid damage. Regular vacuuming also helps to maintain the carpet’s appearance and prolong its lifespan.
Spot Cleaning Stains: Spot cleaning stains promptly is key to preventing long-term damage to shag carpets. This method involves dabbing the stained area with a cloth soaked in a mild detergent solution, followed by rinsing with water. A study by the Institute of Inspection Cleaning and Restoration Certification emphasizes swift action for the best results. Homemade solutions, such as vinegar mixed with water, can also effectively treat many common stains without harsh chemicals.
Deep Cleaning Periodically: Deep cleaning shag carpets periodically is necessary to remove embedded dirt and stains. This can be done using a carpet cleaner or steam cleaner. The Environmental Protection Agency advises deep cleaning at least every 12 to 18 months, depending on foot traffic. This method not only revitalizes the carpet’s appearance but also reduces allergens trapped within the fibers, improving indoor air quality.
Hiring Professional Cleaning Services: Hiring professional cleaning services is beneficial for maintaining shag carpets. Professionals use specialized equipment and techniques that can penetrate deep into the carpet fibers. According to the American Institute of Inspectors, this method can significantly extend the lifespan of shag carpets. Regular professional cleaning can also reach areas that homeowners may miss during routine care, ensuring a more thorough clean.

In summary, implementing these cleaning methods helps maintain shag carpets effectively and keeps them looking fresh and inviting.

How Often Should You Vacuum to Maintain Shag Carpets?

To maintain shag carpets, you should vacuum them at least once a week. Regular vacuuming removes dirt and debris, which helps prevent matting. Ensure you use a vacuum with a gentle brush roll to avoid damaging the fibers. For high-traffic areas, consider vacuuming more frequently, such as two or three times per week. Additionally, you should shake or fluff the carpet by hand occasionally to keep the pile looking fresh. This routine will help your shag carpet maintain its appearance and prolong its lifespan.

What Precise Stain Removal Techniques Work for Shag Carpets?

To effectively remove stains from shag carpets, specific techniques can yield positive results. These methods are gentle enough to maintain the integrity of the carpet fibers while effectively targeting various stains.

Blotting the stain immediately
Using a mild detergent solution
Applying white vinegar and water
Utilizing baking soda for odor removal
Seeking professional cleaning services
Testing products on a small area first

Transitioning from understanding the methods, it is essential to explore each stain removal technique in detail to appreciate their effectiveness.

Blotting the stain immediately: Blotting the stain immediately helps absorb excess liquid and prevents it from setting into the fibers. Use a clean, absorbent cloth or paper towel to gently press onto the stain. Avoid rubbing, as this may damage the shag fibers. The carpet care expert, Lisa Johnson, highlights that quick action reduces the likelihood of permanent stains.
Using a mild detergent solution: A mild detergent solution consists of warm water mixed with a few drops of dish soap. This solution can effectively lift many common stains. Apply it using a clean cloth, and then blot the area until the stain is gone. A study by the Carpet and Rug Institute states that cleaning agents with pH levels between 6 and 8 are safest for carpet fibers.
Applying white vinegar and water: A mixture of equal parts white vinegar and water acts as a natural stain remover. This solution can dissolve many food and drink stains. Apply it with a cloth and gently dab the area. The vinegar’s acidity breaks down the stain while neutralizing odors. According to a report by Good Housekeeping (2021), vinegar is effective against various stains due to its antibacterial properties.
Utilizing baking soda for odor removal: Baking soda serves as an effective deodorizer. Sprinkle it liberally on the stained area and let it sit for several hours or overnight. Afterward, vacuum up the residue. This method can also help absorb moisture from spills, preventing mold growth. A 2022 study by the Journal of Environmental Health indicated baking soda’s efficacy in neutralizing strong odors in textiles.
Seeking professional cleaning services: For persistent stains, professional cleaning may be necessary. Professionals have access to advanced cleaning equipment and specialized products that can safely tackle tough stains. The Institute of Inspection, Cleaning, and Restoration Certification recommends professional deep cleaning every 12 to 18 months to maintain carpet appearance and hygiene.
Testing products on a small area first: Prior to using any cleaning product, it is crucial to test it on a hidden section of the shag carpet. This precaution helps ensure the product does not cause discoloration or damage. The Carpet and Rug Institute advises that all cleaning methods should begin with small tests to avoid larger issues.

By understanding these precise stain removal techniques, individuals can better manage shag carpet stains effectively while preserving the beauty and quality of their carpets.

What Essential Maintenance Tips Can Help Ensure Clean Shag Carpets?

To ensure clean shag carpets, regular and proper maintenance is essential. These tips will help you maintain their cleanliness and appearance.

Vacuum regularly with a vacuum designed for shag carpets.
Spot clean spills immediately with a gentle cleaner.
Use carpet protectors to avoid wear and tear.
Deep clean carpets at least once a year.
Rotate furniture to prevent uneven wear.
Avoid excessive sunlight to prevent fading.

Transitioning from basic tips, it is important to understand the best methods for maintaining the cleanliness of shag carpets.

Vacuum Regularly: Regular vacuuming is crucial for maintaining the cleanliness of shag carpets. Use a vacuum cleaner with a suction-only setting or an attachment specifically designed for shag carpets. This prevents tangling of the fibers and removes dirt, dust, and allergens effectively. According to the Carpet and Rug Institute, vacuuming a shag carpet at least once a week is recommended to keep it looking fresh.
Spot Clean Spills Immediately: Spot cleaning spills quickly is vital for preventing stains. Blot the spill with a clean cloth, using mild soap and water if necessary. Avoid rubbing, as this can push the stain deeper. A study by the Institute of Inspection, Cleaning and Restoration Certification suggests that prompt action can significantly reduce the risk of permanent stains.
Use Carpet Protectors: Carpet protectors create a barrier against dirt and moisture. These can be sprays that coat the fibers and repel spills. This is especially beneficial in high-traffic areas. The 2019 Consumer Reports highlighted that carpet protectors can extend the lifespan of your carpets by preventing damage from everyday use.
Deep Clean Carpets Annually: Deep cleaning shag carpets once a year is recommended to remove embedded dirt. Professional cleaning services often employ hot water extraction methods to refresh carpets thoroughly. This process can eliminate allergens and rejuvenate the carpet fibers. According to the Environmental Protection Agency, deep cleaning helps to improve indoor air quality as well.
Rotate Furniture: Rotating the placement of furniture can prevent uneven wear and flattening of carpet areas. It allows different sections of the carpet to receive even foot traffic and reduces pressure on specific spots. This practice is endorsed by carpet experts and can help maintain the plush appearance of shag carpets over time.
Avoid Excessive Sunlight: Prolonged exposure to sunlight can lead to fading of carpet colors. To mitigate this, consider using shades or curtains to block direct sunlight. The International Journal of Color Science stresses that UV protection is essential in preserving color and texture in carpets.

Following these essential maintenance tips will help you preserve the beauty and cleanliness of your shag carpets. Regular care and attention will ensure they remain a cozy addition to your home for years to come.

How Can Regular Cleaning Extend the Lifespan of Shag Carpets?

Regular cleaning extends the lifespan of shag carpets by preventing dirt accumulation, promoting fiber resilience, and reducing wear and tear.

Dirt accumulation: Regular cleaning removes dirt and debris that settle deep in the carpet fibers. According to the Institute of Inspection, Cleaning and Restoration Certification (IICRC, 2021), even small amounts of dirt can lead to fiber damage over time, which may result in permanent staining or premature wear.

Fiber resilience: Shag carpets often consist of long, delicate fibers that can become matted without proper care. Routine vacuuming helps maintain the carpet’s fluffy appearance by lifting the fibers. A study from the Carpet and Rug Institute (CRI, 2019) shows that carpets maintained with regular cleaning retain their original texture and color longer than those that are neglected.

Wear and tear: Regular cleaning reduces the overall stress on the carpet during everyday use. A study by the Cleaning Industry Research Institute (CIRI, 2022) indicates that thorough cleaning can increase a carpet’s lifespan by up to 50%. Cleaning lessens the build-up of grit that contributes to abrasion during foot traffic, preventing fiber breakage.

By adhering to a consistent cleaning routine, homeowners can enjoy the aesthetic and functional benefits of shag carpets for many years.

Which Cleaning Products Should Be Avoided for Shag Carpets?

Avoid using bleach, strong solvents, and abrasive cleaners on shag carpets as they can damage the fibers.

Cleaning products to avoid:
– Bleach
– Strong solvents
– Abrasive cleaners
– Foamy or oily cleaners
– High pH cleaners

Some opinions support the use of mild detergents or steam cleaning as safer alternatives. Others argue about potential conflicts in cleaning effectiveness versus safety, considering the unique texture of shag carpets.

Bleach:
Bleach can cause fading and degradation of shag carpet fibers, leading to a shorter lifespan. It alters the color and structure of the fibers, making them brittle. The manufacturer of many carpets advises against bleach. For example, a report by the Carpet and Rug Institute emphasizes that bleach can permanently damage synthetic fibers commonly found in shag carpets.
Strong Solvents:
Strong solvents can break down adhesives used in carpet backing and lead to separation from the padding. These products may also leave a residue that attracts dirt. Industry specialists recommend avoiding products like acetone, which can deteriorate the fibers and backing.
Abrasive Cleaners:
Abrasive cleaners, such as scrubbing powders and rough sponges, can fray the delicate fibers of shag carpets. They will create long-term damage and alter the texture, which diminishes the carpet’s overall appearance. According to a study by the American Society for Testing and Materials, such cleaners should be avoided.
Foamy or Oily Cleaners:
Foamy or oily cleaners leave residues that attract dirt and germs over time, making the carpet look dirty sooner. This residue can embed in the shag texture and be challenging to remove, leading to build-up. The National Floor Safety Institute states that maintaining a clean carpet free of these residues can enhance air quality.
High pH Cleaners:
High pH cleaners can strip natural oils from the fibers, leading to dryness and brittleness. Shag carpets require a pH level that is neutral to slightly acidic for optimal care. A study by the Carpet and Rug Institute suggests that using pH-balanced products protects the integrity of the fibers.

Avoiding certain cleaning products helps maintain the appearance and lifespan of shag carpets. Following recommended cleaning practices is essential for their upkeep.

How Do Professionals Approach Cleaning Shag Carpets?

Professionals approach cleaning shag carpets by utilizing effective methods that ensure thorough cleaning without damaging the fibers. The main strategies include vacuuming, spot cleaning, deep cleaning, and regular maintenance.

Vacuuming: Regular vacuuming is crucial for maintaining shag carpets. Professionals recommend using a vacuum cleaner with a beater bar. This helps lift dirt and debris trapped in the longer fibers. Frequent vacuuming, at least once or twice a week, prevents dirt buildup and extends the carpet’s life.
Spot Cleaning: For stains, professionals emphasize immediate action. They suggest using a mixture of mild detergent and water. Blot the stain gently with a clean cloth instead of rubbing. This method minimizes damage to the fibers and helps prevent the stain from setting.
Deep Cleaning: Deep cleaning methods often involve steam cleaning or extraction cleaning. According to the Carpet and Rug Institute, deep cleaning can remove up to 95% of allergens and pollutants from carpets when done correctly. Professionals often use a specialized carpet cleaner that can handle shag carpet’s unique texture.
Dry Cleaning: Some professionals recommend dry cleaning methods for shag carpets. This technique uses a dry cleaning solvent and powder that absorbs dirt. It is particularly effective for delicate fibers.
Regular Maintenance: Scheduling professional cleanings every 12 to 18 months is important. This helps preserve the carpet’s appearance and hygiene. Additionally, rotating furniture and using mats at entryways can reduce wear and tear.

These methods help professionals keep shag carpets looking clean and fresh while ensuring their longevity.

What Common Mistakes Should Be Avoided When Cleaning Shag Carpets?

To clean shag carpets effectively, avoid common mistakes that can damage the fibers or reduce their lifespan.

Using a vacuum cleaner without an adjustable height setting.
Scrubbing the carpet aggressively.
Ignoring regular maintenance.
Applying harsh chemicals or cleaning solutions.
Overwetting the carpet during cleaning.
Failing to test cleaning products on a small area first.
Neglecting to fluff or shake out the carpet regularly.
Skipping professional cleaning when needed.

These mistakes can lead to damaged carpets or ineffective cleaning. Understanding what to avoid is essential for maintaining your shag carpet.

Using a vacuum cleaner without an adjustable height setting: Using a vacuum cleaner that cannot adjust to the carpet’s height can damage the pile. Shag carpets have long, fluffy fibers that require a vacuum cleaner with a height adjustment feature. An improper setting can lead to tangling or pulling out fibers. The Carpet & Rug Institute recommends using vacuums designed for high-pile carpets.
Scrubbing the carpet aggressively: Scrubbing too hard can cause fibers to fray or mat down. Gentle blotting is recommended to lift stains without damaging the carpet. The Urban Institute emphasizes the importance of using soft brushes or cloths to maintain the integrity of the pile.
Ignoring regular maintenance: Regular maintenance is vital for preventing dirt build-up. Shag carpets should be vacuumed weekly to remove dust and debris. The Cleaning Industry Research Institute suggests establishing a maintenance schedule to prolong the carpet’s lifespan.
Applying harsh chemicals or cleaning solutions: Using harsh chemicals risks discoloration or damage. Always select gentle, carpet-safe cleaners. According to the Institute of Inspection, Cleaning, and Restoration Certification, products that are safe for wool or synthetic fibers are ideal for shag carpets.
Overwetting the carpet during cleaning: Overwetting can lead to mold or mildew. It is essential to use minimal water when cleaning. The American Clean Institute advises using slightly damp cleaning methods and avoiding soaking the carpet.
Failing to test cleaning products on a small area first: Not testing can result in irreversible damage. Always conduct a patch test in an inconspicuous area before applying any cleaner. This precaution minimizes the risk of discoloration or fiber damage, as noted by the National Floor Safety Institute.
Neglecting to fluff or shake out the carpet regularly: Regularly fluffing or shaking can revive the fibers and maintain appearance. Experts recommend doing this with hands or a soft brush to keep the carpet looking fresh.
Skipping professional cleaning when needed: Regular professional cleaning can remove deep-seated dirt and refresh the fibers. The Institute of Inspection, Cleaning, and Restoration Certification suggests scheduling professional cleaning at least once a year to maintain quality.

Avoiding these common mistakes will help keep your shag carpet looking great for years to come.

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