DIY Carpet Removal: Easy Step-by-Step Guide, Essential Tools, and Tips

To remove carpet, follow these steps: 1. Cut the carpet into 4-foot strips for easier handling. 2. Pull up each strip, loosening it from the floor. 3. Remove the underneath padding. 4. If needed, detach tack strips with a pry bar. Prepare your tools for a successful and efficient removal process.

Once cut, carefully pull up the carpet from one corner. Use the pry bar to help lift stubborn areas. After removing the carpet, focus on the padding underneath. The padding may require a bit more effort but can also be pulled up in strips.

As you progress, check for any staples or nails that remain on the floor. Use pliers to pull these out to ensure your subfloor is clean. Finally, consider how to dispose of the old carpet and padding responsibly.

With the carpet removed, you can transition to choosing a new flooring option to enhance your space. Understanding the types of flooring available can guide your next steps in home improvement. Explore your options to find the best fit for your style and needs.

What Is DIY Carpet Removal and Why Is It Important?

DIY carpet removal is the process of independently taking up and disposing of carpet flooring without professional assistance. It involves several steps, including detaching the carpet from the tack strips, removing padding, and cleaning the subfloor.

According to the International Society of Floor Covering Inspectors, DIY carpet removal allows homeowners to save costs associated with hiring professionals while gaining hands-on experience.

This process includes identifying the carpet type, using the right tools, and ensuring safety during removal. It also requires proper disposal of the carpet materials, considering environmental impact and landfill regulations.

The Environmental Protection Agency defines carpet as a significant contributor to indoor air pollution. Improper removal practices may release allergens and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the air, posing health risks.

Carpet age, moisture levels, and underlying damage often motivate homeowners to perform DIY carpet removal. Neglected carpets can develop mold, attract pests, and degrade home aesthetics.

A survey by the American Cleaning Institute noted that 80% of homeowners consider carpet cleanliness vital to health. Regular removal of old carpets can prevent health issues associated with dust mites and mold.

Improper carpet removal can lead to higher chemical exposure, indoor air quality degradation, and increased health issues. It can also contribute to landfill overcrowding, as carpets often take years to decompose.

The health implications of DIY carpet removal include respiratory problems and allergies. Environmentally, it contributes to pollution. Economically, it can save money but may incur costs if mishandled.

Examples include respiratory issues faced by families living with moldy carpets or the financial burden of replacing damaged flooring.

To ensure safe and effective carpet removal, experts recommend using proper safety gear, utilizing eco-friendly disposal services, and following state guidelines for hazardous waste.

Strategies like doing thorough research, enlisting help from knowledgeable friends, and using appropriate tools can mitigate risks in the DIY carpet removal process.

What Essential Tools Are Needed for Carpet Removal?

Essential tools needed for carpet removal include a utility knife, pry bar, knee pads, and a staple remover.

1. Utility knife
2. Pry bar
3. Knee pads
4. Staple remover
5. Pliers
6. Floor scraper
7. Trash bags

The tools listed are critical for efficient carpet removal. However, perspectives on the necessity of some tools may differ among DIY enthusiasts and professionals. For instance, some professionals argue that advanced tools, like a carpet puller, can save time, while DIYers might consider them excessive.

1. Utility Knife:
   The utility knife is a primary tool for carpet removal. A sharp blade helps cut the carpet into manageable sections. This makes removing the carpet easier and less physically demanding. Regularly replacing the blade ensures clean cuts. Case studies suggest that poor cutting tools lead to ragged edges, increasing cleanup time.

2. Pry Bar:
   A pry bar is essential for lifting the old carpet and underlayment. It helps disengage carpet staples from the floor. This tool provides leverage with minimal effort. Home improvement experts recommend having a pry bar on hand to avoid damage to the subfloor.

3. Knee Pads:
   Knee pads protect the knees during the labor-intensive process of carpet removal. This tool reduces discomfort and potential injuries. Research by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons demonstrates that proper knee protection lowers the risk of chronic pain after extensive floor work.

4. Staple Remover:
   A staple remover allows for the efficient extraction of staples securing the carpet. Removing these can be tedious, and a designated remover saves time and effort. According to consumer reviews, using a dedicated staple remover leads to a cleaner floor, which is critical for the installation of new flooring.

5. Pliers:
   Pliers are useful for grasping and pulling out stubborn staples or tacks. They provide additional grip for removing difficult screws. DIY reviewers often mention that pliers are a handy multi-use tool, extending their use beyond carpet projects.

6. Floor Scraper:
   A floor scraper is helpful for removing residual adhesives or carpet padding from the subfloor. This ensures a clean surface for new flooring installation. According to flooring experts, a clean subfloor is crucial for the longevity of new flooring materials.

7. Trash Bags:
   Trash bags are necessary for disposal of the old carpet and materials. They help in maintaining an organized workspace, making cleanup efficient. Waste management studies emphasize responsible disposal, as improper carpet disposal can lead to environmental issues.

The right combination of tools enhances efficiency and effectiveness in carpet removal, whether for DIY or professional jobs.

How Do I Choose the Right Tools for Carpet Removal?

To choose the right tools for carpet removal, consider essential tools, project scope, and floor type, as these factors ensure efficiency and prevent damage.

Essential tools include a utility knife, pry bar, and floor scraper.

1. Utility Knife: This tool cuts through the carpet’s backing easily. It is crucial for slicing the carpet into manageable sections before removal.

2. Pry Bar: The pry bar helps lift carpet staples or tacks from the floor. It ensures a clean removal by pulling nails out without damaging the subfloor.

3. Floor Scraper: A floor scraper is essential for removing adhesive or glue left on the subfloor. It helps prepare the surface for new flooring installation.

Consider the project scope. Determine whether you are removing just carpet or also the padding and adhesive. For extensive projects, you may need additional tools such as a carpet stretcher to reposition the carpet before final cuts.

Evaluate the floor type. Different flooring types require different approaches. For example, if the carpet is glued down on concrete, you may need a stronger adhesive remover and a heavier-duty scraper. On the other hand, carpet on wooden floors generally requires less aggressive tools.

Understanding these key points can streamline your carpet removal project and minimize the risk of damage to your floors.

How Do I Prepare My Room for Carpet Removal?

To prepare your room for carpet removal, you should clear the area, remove furniture, take out baseboards, and gather necessary tools.

First, clear the area by removing any small items, decor, and belongings from the carpeted space. This minimizes the risk of damage to your possessions during removal. Next, carefully move larger furniture items out of the room or onto an uncarpeted surface if necessary. Moving large items ensures accessibility and safety during the removal process.

Following the furniture removal, detach any baseboards or trim that is attached to the carpet. Use a pry bar or utility knife to gently remove these, as this will prevent damage to both the walls and baseboards.

Gathering necessary tools is important for a smooth removal process. You will need:

• Utility knife: To cut the carpet into manageable sections.
• Pliers: To help pull up carpet staples or tacks.
• Crowbar or pry bar: For baseboard removal and for lifting the carpet away from the floor.
• Floor scraper: To remove any leftover adhesive after the carpet is taken out.
• Gloves: To protect your hands from sharp objects and debris.

Finally, ensure you have a plan to dispose of the old carpet. Some recycling centers accept carpets, while others may charge a disposal fee. Always check local guidelines for carpet disposal. Following these steps will help ensure an effective and efficient carpet removal process.

What Steps Should I Take to Clear the Space?

To clear a space effectively, you should follow these steps: declutter, clean, organize, and maintain.

1. Declutter
2. Clean
3. Organize
4. Maintain

These steps can be viewed from varied perspectives, such as minimalism, productivity enhancement, and stress reduction. For instance, minimalists advocate for a significant reduction of possessions, while others believe in keeping items for sentimental value. Therefore, the context of clearing a space may differ based on individual priorities and goals.

Decluttering

Decluttering involves removing unnecessary items from the space. The purpose of decluttering is to create a more functional, organized area. Marie Kondo, author of “The Life-Changing Magic of Tidying Up,” emphasizes that individuals should keep only items that “spark joy.” Statistics show that a tidy environment can lead to increased productivity by up to 25%, according to a 2011 study by the Princeton University Neuroscience Institute. For example, persons who removed excess furniture from their offices reported improved focus and fewer distractions.

Cleaning

Cleaning refers to the process of sanitizing and refreshing the space after clutter has been removed. A clean environment promotes better health and well-being. Regular cleaning can reduce allergens and bacteria, fostering a healthier living or work environment. The American Cleaning Institute states that cleaning can prevent illness by removing germs and contaminants. For instance, those who regularly clean their homes report experiencing fewer colds and flu.

Organizing

Organizing means arranging the remaining items in a structured way. This step enables easy access and greatly enhances space utilization. Systems like shelving units, bins, and labels are effective tools for organizing. The National Association of Professional Organizers suggests that organized spaces can significantly reduce stress and anxiety levels. Research indicates that organized individuals tend to feel more in control of their lives. For example, organizing a workspace using designated drawers or folders can improve efficiency in completing tasks.

Maintaining

Maintaining the cleared space is crucial for long-term effectiveness. Maintenance involves routinely evaluating and tidying the area to prevent clutter from reaccumulating. Establishing a cleaning or organizing schedule contributes to sustainability. A study by the Journal of Environmental Psychology suggests that a clean and organized environment enhances mood and productivity levels. Regular upkeep, such as daily tidying and scheduled deep-cleaning sessions, ensures that the initial effort of clearing the space continues to yield beneficial results over time.

Why Is It Important to Wear Protective Gear During Carpet Removal?

Wearing protective gear during carpet removal is important to ensure safety and prevent injuries. Protective gear includes items such as gloves, goggles, and masks that shield against sharp tools and dust.

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) defines protective equipment as clothing or equipment designed to protect the wearer from hazards that could cause injury or illness. This source highlights the necessity of such gear in various work environments.

The reasons behind the importance of protective gear while removing carpet are several. First, carpet removal often involves sharp tools, like utility knives, which can lead to cuts or lacerations if mishandled. Second, carpets may harbor dust, mold, or allergens that can be harmful when inhaled. Protective gear acts as a barrier against these risks.

Technical terms relevant to this topic include “laceration” (a deep cut or tear in skin) and “allergens” (substances that can trigger allergic reactions). Each term is integral to understanding the potential dangers during carpet removal.

The mechanisms of injury during carpet removal can be explained by examining how sharp tools are used. When cutting carpets, a slip can easily result in a laceration. Dust and allergens, found in older carpets or those exposed to moisture, can become airborne during the removal process. Inhaling these particles can cause respiratory issues or allergic reactions.

Specific conditions that contribute to these risks include poorly maintained carpet or working in a confined space. For example, a dusty carpet in an older building can contain mold spores. When disturbed, these spores may pose health risks. Additionally, the use of blunt tools can increase the chances of an accidental slip.

In summary, wearing protective gear during carpet removal is crucial. It minimizes the risk of cuts and exposure to harmful particles. By understanding the risks and adopting safe practices, individuals can successfully remove carpets while protecting their health and safety.

What Are the Step-by-Step Instructions for Removing Carpet?

To remove carpet, follow a series of systematic steps. These steps ensure efficient and thorough removal of carpet from a space.

1. Gather necessary tools and supplies.
2. Clear the room of furniture.
3. Cut the carpet into manageable sections.
4. Remove the carpet from the corners.
5. Detach the carpet padding.
6. Dispose of the carpet and padding properly.
7. Clean the floor beneath the carpet.

Understanding each step helps ensure a successful carpet removal process. Below, I will elaborate on the detailed instructions for each step.

1. Gather Necessary Tools and Supplies:
   Gathering necessary tools and supplies is essential before starting the carpet removal process. You will need a utility knife, pliers, a pry bar, and protective gloves. Additionally, having a dumpster or garbage bags for disposal can help streamline the process. According to home improvement expert Bob Vila, investing in the right tools ensures both efficiency and safety during removal.

2. Clear the Room of Furniture:
   Clearing the room of furniture creates a safe work environment. Emptying the space allows for unhindered access to the carpet, making it easier to remove. Moving heavy furniture may require assistance or moving equipment. Ensure all items are removed to minimize hazards and streamline the process.

3. Cut the Carpet into Manageable Sections:
   Cutting the carpet into manageable sections simplifies handling and disposal. Using the utility knife, slice the carpet into strips about 3 feet wide. This size is manageable for lifting and maneuvering. Sections can also fit easily into disposal bags or containers. According to the DIY Network, this technique reduces strain and makes the process less overwhelming.

4. Remove the Carpet from the Corners:
   Removing the carpet from the corners involves prying up the edges gently with the pry bar. Start at one corner and work your way around the room. Pull the carpet away from the tack strips—small strips that hold the carpet in place. Take care not to damage the underlying floor when performing this step.

5. Detach the Carpet Padding:
   Detaching the carpet padding requires a bit of effort, as it is often stapled or glued down. Use pliers to pull up any staples or adhesive to remove the padding effectively. Ensure you remove all padding to prevent issues with floor coverings in the future. This step is crucial for thorough preparation of the underlying surface.

6. Dispose of the Carpet and Padding Properly:
   Disposing of the carpet and padding properly is essential for maintaining a clean environment. Check local regulations for disposal guidelines. Many regions have recycling programs for carpet materials. The Carpet America Recovery Effort (CARE) states that proper disposal protects the environment and reduces landfill waste.

7. Clean the Floor Beneath the Carpet:
   Cleaning the floor beneath the carpet is the final step. Once the carpet and padding are removed, sweep or vacuum the space to eliminate dust and debris. This ensures the surface is ready for whatever flooring option you may choose next.

Following these steps will help you successfully remove carpet while minimizing damage and ensuring a clean workspace.

How Do I Detach Carpet From Tack Strips?

To detach carpet from tack strips, first, you should pull up the carpet edge gently, then cut any adhesive or fibers binding it to the strips, and finally lift the carpet away from the strips without damaging them.

Begin by using a utility knife to cut along the perimeter of the carpet where it meets the wall. This step prevents damage to the wall or baseboards. Next, locate the edge of the carpet and peel it back from the tack strip, which is a narrow strip with sharp pins. Use pliers to grip and pull any stubborn areas of carpet. If the carpet is adhesive-backed, carefully cut through any glue with your utility knife.

• Remove staples: If your carpet is attached with staples, use a staple remover or pliers to take them out.
• Cut the carpet: Work in sections if necessary, especially if the carpet is large. By cutting smaller strips, you can manage the removal process more easily.
• Lift the carpet: As you detach the carpet, be cautious around the tack strips to avoid injury. The sharp pins can snag the carpet or cause injuries.
• Clean up: After removing the carpet, clean the area by removing any debris, pieces of carpet, or tack strips that may have come loose.

Following these steps will help ensure a clean and efficient carpet removal process.

What Techniques Can I Use to Handle Carpet Padding Effectively?

To handle carpet padding effectively, you can use several techniques. These methods help ensure proper installation, maintenance, and removal of carpet padding.

1. Select the right padding thickness.
2. Ensure proper adhesive application.
3. Use a sharp utility knife for cutting.
4. Consider moisture-resistant options for areas prone to dampness.
5. Install padding in sections for easier management.
6. Regularly check for wear and tear.
7. Seek professional help if needed.

Using these techniques provides a comprehensive approach to managing carpet padding. Now let’s delve deeper into each technique.

1. Select the Right Padding Thickness: Selecting the right padding thickness is essential for comfort and durability. Generally, thicker padding provides more cushioning and insulation. According to the Carpet and Rug Institute, a thickness of 7/16 inch to 1/2 inch is typical for residential carpet. Choosing the right thickness can enhance the lifespan of your carpet while improving comfort underfoot.

2. Ensure Proper Adhesive Application: Ensuring proper adhesive application is crucial for a secure bond. The adhesive should be evenly spread using a trowel, avoiding puddles which can cause uneven settling. Research from the School of Flooring at Georgia State University indicates that improper adhesive application can lead to carpet buckling. Always refer to the manufacturer’s guidelines for specific adhesive recommendations.

3. Use a Sharp Utility Knife for Cutting: Using a sharp utility knife for cutting carpet padding ensures clean, precise edges. A dull blade can lead to frayed edges and uneven seams, resulting in an unsightly finish. The American Society of Home Inspectors recommends using a fresh blade for each cut, ensuring safety and efficiency during the installation process.

4. Consider Moisture-Resistant Options for Areas Prone to Dampness: Considering moisture-resistant options is essential for areas prone to dampness, such as basements. These padding types have been treated to resist mold and mildew growth. A study by the Institute for Business & Home Safety found that moisture-resistant padding can notably decrease the risk of water-related damages.

5. Install Padding in Sections for Easier Management: Installing padding in sections is a practical approach for easy management. This method allows for easy replacement of a damaged section without needing to discard the entire padding. As indicated by the National Flooring Contractors Association, sectioned installations also enhance comfort and can improve the overall weight distribution of the carpet.

6. Regularly Check for Wear and Tear: Regularly checking for wear and tear is vital for maintaining carpet padding. Signs of wear may include flattening or discoloration, indicating that the padding may need replacing. Maintenance experts recommend inspecting the padding at least once a year to ensure it retains its cushioning properties and support.

7. Seek Professional Help If Needed: Seeking professional help when needed ensures proper handling of complex situations. Professionals possess the expertise and tools necessary for effective installation or removal. Homeowners often overlook this option, but hiring trained professionals can save time and ensure a high-quality finish.

By employing these techniques, you can handle carpet padding effectively, whether during installation, maintenance, or removal.

How Should I Dispose of My Old Carpet Properly?

To dispose of your old carpet properly, you have several options. About 5 billion pounds of carpet end up in U.S. landfills each year, highlighting the importance of responsible disposal methods.

One common method is recycling. Some carpet materials, such as nylon or polyester, can be recycled. Approximately 20% of carpet is currently recycled, but this figure varies by region and recycling program availability. To recycle, check with local recycling centers or organizations that accept carpet.

Another option is donation. If your old carpet is in good condition, consider donating it to charities or organizations that need flooring materials. Many local nonprofits, schools, or community centers may appreciate the donation.

Alternatively, you can hire a professional carpet removal service that specializes in disposal. These services usually ensure that the carpet is either recycled or disposed of in an eco-friendly manner. While this option may incur a cost, it often guarantees compliance with local disposal regulations.

If you cannot find a recycling or donation route, you may need to place the carpet in a landfill. Before disposal, confirm local regulations regarding bulk waste disposal, as some areas have specific rules.

Factors that may influence your disposal choice include the material of the carpet, its condition, and local disposal resources. Keep in mind that some types of carpets, particularly those treated with chemicals, may require special handling.

In summary, dispose of old carpet through recycling, donation, or professional removal services. If none of these options are available, follow local landfill regulations. Consider exploring community resources to find environmentally responsible solutions that minimize waste.

What Are the Best Practices for Recycling and Disposal?

The best practices for recycling and disposal include reducing waste, proper sorting of materials, and following local regulations.

1. Reduce waste at the source.
2. Sort recyclables from non-recyclables.
3. Clean recyclables before disposal.
4. Understand and follow local recycling guidelines.
5. Utilize certified recycling programs.
6. Dispose of hazardous waste correctly.
7. Compost organic waste.

These practices ensure that materials are recycled efficiently and that harmful substances do not contaminate the recycling stream. Implementing these methods can vary based on location, community resources, and individual choices.

1. Reducing Waste at the Source: Reducing waste at the source involves minimizing the initial production of waste before it even occurs. Simple actions such as choosing products with less packaging, purchasing in bulk, and using reusable items greatly decrease overall waste. A report by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP, 2021) states that reducing waste is the most effective way to address waste management issues.

2. Sorting Recyclables from Non-Recyclables: Sorting recyclables from non-recyclables is essential for effective recycling. Different materials require different processing methods, and contamination can lead to entire batches of recyclables being sent to landfills. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) emphasizes that clear labeling of recyclables helps consumers identify proper items.

3. Cleaning Recyclables Before Disposal: Cleaning recyclables before disposal helps prevent contamination of the recycling stream. Residues from food or liquids can spoil an entire batch, making it less valuable or entirely unusable. Research from the National Recycling Coalition (NRC, 2020) indicates that cleaning recyclables can improve the quality and marketability of recycled materials.

4. Understanding and Following Local Recycling Guidelines: Understanding and following local recycling guidelines ensures that items are recycled correctly. Each region has its own regulations regarding what can and cannot be recycled. The Recycling Partnership states that inconsistent recycling practices lead to confusion and lower recycling rates, underscoring the importance of community education.

5. Utilizing Certified Recycling Programs: Utilizing certified recycling programs ensures that materials are processed responsibly. Certified programs adhere to strict guidelines and help facilitate correct disposal and recycling of materials. A study by the Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries (ISRI, 2019) highlights that certified recyclers maintain high safety and environmental standards.

6. Disposing of Hazardous Waste Correctly: Disposing of hazardous waste correctly prevents environmental contamination and health risks. Hazardous waste includes items like batteries, electronics, and chemicals that require special handling. The EPA outlines various disposal methods, including designated collection events and specialized drop-off centers.

7. Composting Organic Waste: Composting organic waste helps reduce landfill volume while creating nutrient-rich soil. Composting is an environmentally friendly practice that can be done at home or through local community programs. According to the Composting Council, composting can divert as much as 30% of household waste from landfills.

These best practices for recycling and disposal address both individual and community responsibilities towards waste management, emphasizing a collective effort in promoting sustainability.

What Common Mistakes Should I Avoid During the Carpet Removal Process?

To avoid common mistakes during the carpet removal process, it is essential to prepare and execute the process strategically. This will ensure a smooth removal and prevent damage to your floors.

1. Not properly measuring the room.
2. Failing to use the right tools.
3. Neglecting safety precautions.
4. Overlooking the subfloor condition.
5. Ignoring disposal regulations.
6. Rushing the process.

Addressing the carpet removal process involves understanding the implications of these mistakes.

1. Not Properly Measuring the Room: Not properly measuring the room can lead to incorrect estimates of the material needed for replacement. If you buy too little carpet, you will need to make additional trips to the store. This adds time and costs to your project. Use a tape measure to secure accurate dimensions before purchasing new carpet or padding.

2. Failing to Use the Right Tools: Failing to use the right tools can complicate carpet removal and increase the likelihood of damage. Essential tools include a utility knife, pry bar, and safety goggles. Equipment like knee pads can help avoid discomfort during the removal process. A Miller Campbell Institute study in 2021 stressed the importance of tool usage, stating that proper equipment can cut removal time by up to 50%.

3. Neglecting Safety Precautions: Neglecting safety precautions can lead to injuries. Always wear gloves and a mask to avoid inhaling dust or coming into contact with sharp edges. The American Safety Council recommends employing safety measures to reduce the risk of accidents, especially when handling heavy rolls of carpet.

4. Overlooking the Subfloor Condition: Overlooking the subfloor condition may result in complications after carpet removal. It is crucial to inspect the subfloor for moisture damage, unevenness, or mold. A report by the National Association of Home Builders in 2022 stated that a poor subfloor condition could lead to costly repairs once new flooring is installed.

5. Ignoring Disposal Regulations: Ignoring disposal regulations can result in legal penalties. Many areas have specific guidelines on how to dispose of old carpets, especially if they contain hazardous materials. It’s advisable to consult local waste management authorities for appropriate disposal methods.

6. Rushing the Process: Rushing the process compromises quality and can lead to mistakes. Taking the time to carefully plan each step can prevent unnecessary issues. According to Home Improvement Research Institute, taking a methodical approach ensures that all aspects of removal are considered, reducing the likelihood of needing repairs.

By addressing these common mistakes, you can ensure a more effective and safe carpet removal process.

How Can Safety Precautions Aid in a Smoother Removal Experience?

Safety precautions aid in a smoother removal experience by minimizing risk, enhancing efficiency, and ensuring proper handling of materials.

Minimizing risk: Taking safety precautions reduces the chances of accidents. For instance, wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, goggles, and masks protects against sharp objects, dust, and harmful chemicals. A study in the Journal of Safety Research (Smith & Johnson, 2020) highlights that using PPE can decrease injury rates by over 60% during home improvement projects.

Enhancing efficiency: Proper planning and safety protocols streamline the removal process. Clear work areas prevent tripping hazards. When tools are organized, workers can focus on the task, reducing downtime. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH, 2021) found that a well-organized workspace can improve productivity by up to 40%.

Ensuring proper handling of materials: Safety precautions promote safe disposal and handling of materials. For instance, using appropriate containers for hazardous waste prevents contamination. A survey by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA, 2022) reported that 75% of improper disposal practices could be avoided through proper education and safety measures.

In summary, implementing safety precautions leads to a more efficient and less hazardous removal experience, thereby protecting individuals and the environment.

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