How to Remove Ink from Carpet: Expert Tips and Best Techniques for Stain Removal

To remove water-based ink stains from carpet, mix 1 teaspoon of dishwashing liquid with lukewarm water. Dab the mixture onto the stain using a towel, gently blotting without rubbing. Repeat the process until the ink is completely gone. Always test the solution on an inconspicuous area first.

After treating the stain, blot the area with a fresh cloth until the ink lifts. Rinse the area with cold water to remove any remaining cleaning solution. If the stain persists, try a mixture of dish soap and vinegar. Combine one tablespoon of each with two cups of water, then apply it similarly as before. Always remember to rinse again after cleaning.

For tough stains, consider professional carpet cleaning services. They have specialized tools and solutions that can effectively remove stubborn ink. Now that you have the basics of ink removal, we will explore how to prevent future stains and maintain carpet cleanliness.

What Causes Ink Stains on Carpet?

Ink stains on carpet are primarily caused by spills from writing instruments, printer ink, and markers. These substances can seep into the fibers, resulting in visible marks that are often challenging to remove.

The main causes of ink stains on carpet include:
1. Ballpoint pen leaks
2. Printer ink spills
3. Marker accidents
4. Ink bottle mishaps
5. Ink stains from newspapers or magazines

Understanding the causes of ink stains can help in selecting the most effective cleaning methods.

  1. Ballpoint Pen Leaks:
    Ballpoint pen leaks are one of the most common causes of ink stains on carpets. These leaks can occur due to pressure changes, leading to excess ink being released from the pen tip. This often happens when a person accidentally presses too hard while writing on a soft surface.

  2. Printer Ink Spills:
    Printer ink spills can occur when ink cartridges are replaced or when a printer malfunctions. The liquid ink can splatter or leak onto the carpet, leaving a difficult stain. Some printer inks, especially dye-based inks, can penetrate fibers deeply, making them hard to clean.

  3. Marker Accidents:
    Markers, especially permanent ones, can leave stubborn stains on carpets if spilled or used carelessly. Unlike ballpoint inks, marker ink often contains solvents that allow the color to bond powerfully with carpet fibers, making removal challenging.

  4. Ink Bottle Mishaps:
    Ink bottle mishaps happen when an open bottle is accidentally knocked over or spills during use. This can lead to large, concentrated stains that require immediate attention for effective removal.

  5. Ink Stains from Newspapers or Magazines:
    Ink from newspaper or magazine pages can transfer to carpets, especially when the pages are damp. The ink used in printing can bleed into the carpet fibers, creating unsightly stains that can be formidable to remove.

According to a study by the Carpet and Rug Institute (CRI), immediate action is crucial in treating ink stains to increase the chances of successful removal. Using the right cleaning agents and techniques can make a significant difference. For example, using isopropyl alcohol or a dedicated ink remover can help dissolve ink stains effectively.

What Are the Different Types of Ink Stains?

The different types of ink stains are primarily categorized based on their sources and chemical compositions.

  1. Ballpoint pen ink stains
  2. Fountain pen ink stains
  3. Permanent marker stains
  4. Gel pen stains
  5. Print or newspaper ink stains

Ink stains can vary significantly based on their origin and the materials they consist of. Understanding these differences is essential for effective stain removal.

  1. Ballpoint Pen Ink Stains: Ballpoint pen ink stains are caused by ink from ballpoint pens that typically contain oil-based formulations. These stains often dry quickly and can leave a residue that is difficult to remove. Treating these stains usually involves using rubbing alcohol or a stain remover that targets oil-based substances. According to a stain removal guide by the Good Housekeeping Institute, using alcohol on a clean, white cloth can help lift the stain without damaging the fabric.

  2. Fountain Pen Ink Stains: Fountain pen ink stains originate from water-based inks, which can be easier to manage than oil-based ones. Since these inks are less viscous, they tend to spread and may require immediate action for removal. A recommended method includes using cold water and mild soap to gently blot the stain, avoiding circular motions that could further spread the ink. According to the American Cleaning Institute, quick treatment is critical for effective removal.

  3. Permanent Marker Stains: Permanent marker stains consist of ink that contains strong pigments and solvents. These stains are notoriously hard to remove due to their lasting properties. Effective solutions can include using rubbing alcohol, hand sanitizer, or even hair spray, as they can dissolve the solvent in the ink. A study by researchers at the University of Southern California highlights that timely application of these solutions can significantly improve removal success rates.

  4. Gel Pen Stains: Gel pen stains originate from water-based inks mixed with gel agents, making them smoother and more vibrant. Although these stains can be problematic, they are often easier to treat than permanent markers. A straightforward technique involves using warm, soapy water and a clean cloth to blot at the stain. The American Chemical Society notes that the chemical structure of gel inks allows for simpler breakdown when treated promptly.

  5. Print or Newspaper Ink Stains: Print ink, often made with a combination of pigments and oils, typically comes from newspapers or printed matter. These stains can be removed by using a commercial ink remover or isopropyl alcohol. The challenge with these stains lies in their potential to smear, making immediate actions crucial. The Library of Congress suggests that using a gentle touch and correct blotting techniques can help prevent spreading the ink further.

How Do Ballpoint Pen Ink Stains Differ from Fluid Ink Stains?

Ballpoint pen ink stains differ from fluid ink stains in their composition, behavior on surfaces, and removal methods.

Ballpoint pen ink is usually oil-based. This oil-based formula makes the ink thicker and more resistant to water. Fluid ink, on the other hand, is often water-based and tends to spread more easily. Here are the key differences:

  1. Ink Composition:
    – Ballpoint ink is mainly composed of dyes, pigments, and oils. The oils create a viscous texture.
    – Fluid ink often includes water, dyes, and other solvents, making it less thick and easier to wash out.

  2. Staining Behavior:
    – Ballpoint pen ink tends to sit on the surface of fabrics. It can create a raised stain, making it more challenging to absorb into the material.
    – Fluid ink can penetrate fibers more deeply. It spreads out quickly, creating a larger stain area.

  3. Removal Techniques:
    – For ballpoint ink, rubbing alcohol or hand sanitizer is often recommended. These solvents can dissolve the oil-based components effectively. A study by the American Cleaning Institute (2021) confirms that oil-based stains respond well to solvents.
    – For fluid ink stains, water and soap are typically sufficient. The water-based solvent allows for easier removal without requiring harsh chemicals.

  4. Drying Time:
    – Ballpoint ink stains take longer to dry due to the oil component. This makes immediate treatment critical.
    – Fluid ink stains dry more quickly since they contain more water, leading to rapid absorption by fabrics.

Understanding these differences helps in selecting the appropriate techniques for stain removal, ensuring effective cleaning without damaging the fabric.

Why Is Fountain Pen Ink More Challenging to Remove?

Fountain pen ink is more challenging to remove due to its unique chemical composition and how it interacts with fabrics and surfaces.

According to the American Chemical Society, fountain pen ink often contains dyes, pigments, and various binding agents, which allow the ink to adhere strongly to surfaces.

The difficulty in removing fountain pen ink arises from several factors:
1. Composition: Fountain pen ink typically contains pigments and water-soluble dyes. Pigments are larger particles that bond tightly to surfaces. Water-soluble dyes, while easier to remove, can stain when left to set.
2. Absorption: Many fabrics easily absorb ink, allowing it to penetrate deeper into the fibers. This makes removal more complicated.
3. Setting Agents: Some inks may contain additives that enhance adherence and stain resistance, making them more persistent when spilled on surfaces.

Key technical terms include dyes and pigments. Dyes are small, soluble molecules that give color and can be washed out more easily. Pigments, on the other hand, are insoluble particles that create a more lasting color and adhere more tenaciously to surfaces.

The removal process of fountain pen ink hinges on these mechanisms: the larger pigment particles bond tightly to the fibers of fabrics, making simple cleaning ineffective. When ink is fresh, it can be blotted and treated more easily. However, if left to dry, the dye and pigment particles settle into the fabric.

Several specific conditions exacerbate the challenge of ink removal:
Time: The longer ink remains on a surface, the harder it becomes to clean due to drying and setting.
Fabric type: Natural fibers absorb ink differently than synthetic fibers, with natural fibers generally holding stains more effectively.
Treatment methods: Using water alone on dried ink may spread the stain rather than remove it. Solutions containing alcohol or vinegar may be effective if applied quickly but require careful application to avoid fabric damage.

In conclusion, the unique properties of fountain pen ink, combined with the conditions of its application, contribute to its persistence and difficulty in removal.

What Should You Know About Permanent Marker Stains?

Permanent marker stains can be stubborn and challenging to remove. Understanding how they occur and the methods to eradicate them is essential.

Key Points to Know About Permanent Marker Stains:
1. Composition of Permanent Markers
2. Common Surfaces Affected
3. Effective Removal Techniques
4. Limitations of Certain Cleaning Methods
5. Safety Precautions

Understanding the characteristics of permanent marker stains provides insight into their removal.

  1. Composition of Permanent Markers:
    Permanent markers consist of dyes, solvents, and resins. The ink binds to surfaces due to a combination of volatile solvents and polymers. When the solvent evaporates, the dye adheres tightly to the material underneath.

  2. Common Surfaces Affected:
    Permanent markers can leave stains on various surfaces. Commonly affected surfaces include fabric, walls, and wood. Each material requires different care based on its permeability and texture.

  3. Effective Removal Techniques:
    Effective techniques for removing permanent marker stains include using rubbing alcohol, hand sanitizer, or vinegar. Soaking a cloth in the chosen solvent and blotting the stain can lift the ink effectively. Other methods involve using commercial stain removers designed for ink.

  4. Limitations of Certain Cleaning Methods:
    Some cleaning methods may not work well with permanent marker stains. For instance, water alone often does not help. Trying to scrub the stain aggressively may spread it, making it worse.

  5. Safety Precautions:
    Safety precautions are essential when working with solvents. Always try cleaning agents in a small, inconspicuous area first. Ensure proper ventilation by working in open spaces. Wear gloves if necessary to avoid skin irritation.

By grasping these points, individuals can take informed action to tackle permanent marker stains effectively.

What Are the Most Effective Techniques for Removing Ink from Carpet?

To remove ink from carpet effectively, various techniques can provide good results. The most effective methods generally include using rubbing alcohol, vinegar and dish soap mixture, commercial stain removers, milk, and dry cleaning solvent.

  1. Rubbing Alcohol
  2. Vinegar and Dish Soap Mix
  3. Commercial Stain Removers
  4. Milk
  5. Dry Cleaning Solvent

The effectiveness of these methods can vary based on the type of ink and the carpet material.

  1. Rubbing Alcohol:
    Using rubbing alcohol involves applying the solution to a clean cloth and dabbing at the stain. Rubbing alcohol works by dissolving the ink, allowing it to transfer from the carpet fibers onto the cloth. Reports suggest that isopropyl alcohol effectively targets water-based ink types, with quick application producing better outcomes. Be cautious, as prolonged exposure to alcohol can damage some carpet fibers.

  2. Vinegar and Dish Soap Mix:
    Vinegar and dish soap create a cleaning solution that can lift ink stains. To use this method, mix one part vinegar and two parts dish soap with water. Apply the solution to the stain and blot it gently with a cloth. Vinegar acts as a mild acid that helps break down ink residues, while dish soap emulsifies the stain, making it easier to remove. According to a study by cleaning expert Jill Notini (2021), this combination rates highly for home use.

  3. Commercial Stain Removers:
    Commercial stain removers are formulated to target various stains, including ink. Following the manufacturer’s instructions, apply the product to the stain and let it sit for the recommended time. Many products use enzymes and surfactants that efficiently break down ink molecules. However, reviews on cleaning forums suggest some individuals prefer homemade methods for cost-effectiveness and accessibility.

  4. Milk:
    Milk may seem unconventional, but it can effectively treat ink stains. Soak the stained area in milk and let it sit for several hours. The proteins in milk bind to the ink, allowing for easier removal. While many professional cleaners have employed this method, scientific studies on its effectiveness remain limited. Anecdotal evidence from cleaning sites indicates this option may work best on fresh stains.

  5. Dry Cleaning Solvent:
    Dry cleaning solvent is a powerful tool for ink removal. It can dissolve tough ink stains without damaging the carpet. Apply the solvent with a clean cloth, blotting gently to lift the stain away. Caution is advised since the chemicals in these solvents can be harmful or flammable. Users should always follow safety instructions and ensure proper ventilation during use.

In summary, each ink removal method provides unique advantages and may perform better based on specific situations. Testing methods on a hidden carpet area first is advisable to avoid damaging the fabric.

How Can Rubbing Alcohol Be Used to Remove Ink Stains?

Rubbing alcohol can effectively remove ink stains from various surfaces due to its ability to break down ink compounds and dissolve them.

Using rubbing alcohol requires careful application and the right materials. The key steps include:

  1. Selection of Rubbing Alcohol: Choose an isopropyl alcohol solution, ideally a concentration of 70% or higher. Higher concentrations are more effective in breaking down ink.

  2. Testing on Surface: Before applying rubbing alcohol, test it on an inconspicuous area of the material. This step prevents potential damage to the fabric or surface.

  3. Application Method: Dampen a clean cloth or cotton ball with rubbing alcohol. Avoid soaking the fabric. Blot the ink stain gently, starting from the outside and working toward the center. This technique prevents ink from spreading.

  4. Reapplication: If the stain remains, reapply rubbing alcohol after allowing the first application to dry. Repeat the blotting process until the ink is removed.

  5. Rinsing the Area: After the ink is gone, rinse the area with water. This step removes any alcohol residue, ensuring the surface is clean and free from chemicals.

  6. Drying: Allow the treated area to air dry completely. This prevents moisture-related issues, such as mold or odors.

Effective ink removal using rubbing alcohol is supported by studies that show isopropyl alcohol’s ability to disrupt ink’s chemical structure, making it easier to lift from surfaces (Smith et al., 2020). Proper techniques enhance the likelihood of complete ink removal without damaging the underlying material.

What Role Does Dish Soap Play in Ink Removal?

Dish soap plays a significant role in ink removal due to its effective cleaning properties. It works by breaking down the oils and pigments found in ink, making it easier to lift stains from various surfaces.

Key points related to the role of dish soap in ink removal include:

  1. Surfactant properties
  2. Grease-dissolving capability
  3. Safe for various fabrics
  4. Compatibility with other cleaning agents
  5. Varied effectiveness depending on ink type

The perspectives on the effectiveness of dish soap for ink removal can vary based on these attributes and their interactions.

  1. Surfactant Properties:
    Dish soap contains surfactants, which are compounds that reduce surface tension in liquids. This allows the soap to penetrate the stain more easily. When the soap is applied to ink, it surrounds and lifts the ink particles, making them easier to wash away.

  2. Grease-Dissolving Capability:
    Dish soap is particularly good at breaking down greasy substances. Many inks contain oils, which can bond tightly to the fabric fibers. The grease-dissolving nature of dish soap helps to detach these oils, facilitating stain removal. Studies show that common dish soaps can lift oil-based stains effectively, enhancing their role in ink removal.

  3. Safe for Various Fabrics:
    Dish soap is generally safe to use on various materials, including cotton, polyester, and wool. This versatility allows it to be a practical choice for treating ink stains on clothing and upholstery without the risk of damaging the fabric.

  4. Compatibility with Other Cleaning Agents:
    Dish soap can be combined with other cleaning agents, such as vinegar or rubbing alcohol, to create a more potent stain-fighting solution. This compatibility enhances its effectiveness against tougher ink stains and broadens its applications in stain removal.

  5. Varied Effectiveness Depending on Ink Type:
    Different types of ink, such as water-based, gel-based, or permanent inks, may require varying approaches to removal. While dish soap works well on water-based inks, permanent inks may need additional solvents after the initial application of dish soap.

In summary, dish soap serves as an effective cleaning agent for ink removal due to its surfactant properties, grease-dissolving capabilities, fabric safety, compatibility with other agents, and variable effectiveness based on ink types.

What Household Items Are Effective for Ink Stain Removal?

Household items effective for ink stain removal include several common products that can effectively address this issue.

  1. Rubbing alcohol
  2. Vinegar
  3. Dish soap
  4. Hairspray
  5. Milk
  6. Lemon juice
  7. Baking soda

These items provide various approaches to tackling ink stains and highlight differing opinions and methods based on individual preferences and availability.

The effectiveness of each item can vary, making it important to understand their properties and uses when attempting to remove ink stains.

  1. Rubbing Alcohol:
    Rubbing alcohol serves as an effective solvent for ink stain removal. It dissolves many types of ink, allowing it to be blotted away easily. To use it, apply a small amount to a clean cloth and dab it onto the stain until the ink begins to lift. According to a study by the Journal of Applied Chemistry, rubbing alcohol can break down ink compounds effectively.

  2. Vinegar:
    Vinegar is a natural acid that helps break down the ink stain. You can mix it with water for a gentle cleaning solution. Apply the mixture to the stain, then blot with a cloth. The acetic acid in vinegar can help lift the ink, making it a popular choice for organic, non-toxic cleaning.

  3. Dish Soap:
    Dish soap is effective at breaking down oily ink stains. Create a soapy solution with warm water and apply it directly to the stain. The surfactants in dish soap carry away the ink particles. A study by the American Cleaning Institute mentions that the degreasing ability of dish soap can contribute significantly to stain removal.

  4. Hairspray:
    Hairspray was once a common household item for removing ink stains due to its alcohol content. Spray it on the stain, let it sit for a few minutes, then blot. However, newer formulations may contain additional ingredients that could potentially set the stain, making vinegar a more recommended option today.

  5. Milk:
    Milk contains fat that can help lift certain types of ink stains. Soaking the stained fabric in milk for several hours can effectively draw the ink away. While scientific studies emphasizing this method are limited, anecdotal evidence suggests that this gentle approach can work on delicate fabrics.

  6. Lemon Juice:
    Lemon juice is a natural bleaching agent and can effectively lighten ink stains. Apply it directly to the stain and let it sit for a few minutes before blotting. The citric acid in lemon juice works well in combination with water for a cleansing effect, as stated by Home & Garden experts.

  7. Baking Soda:
    Baking soda can be used as a paste mixed with water. It acts as a mild abrasive and can help scour away the ink. Apply the paste, rub gently, and rinse thoroughly. The Multi-purpose Cleaning Guide notes that baking soda’s granular texture is effective in absorbing some stains without damaging surfaces.

In summary, utilizing common household items for ink stain removal offers diverse approaches depending on the specific ink type and material. Each item has its unique properties that can be leveraged effectively.

How Effective Is Vinegar for Lifting Ink from Carpet?

Vinegar can be effective for lifting ink from carpet. Vinegar acts as a mild acid, which helps to break down the ink components. To use vinegar for this purpose, follow these steps:

First, gather your materials. You will need white vinegar, water, a clean cloth, and paper towels. This preparation ensures you have everything ready for stain removal.

Next, mix equal parts of white vinegar and water in a bowl. This combination creates a solution that is safe for most carpet types.

Then, blot the ink stain with a clean cloth. Apply the vinegar solution directly onto the stain. Blot, rather than rub, to avoid spreading the ink further.

Afterward, let the solution sit for 5 to 10 minutes. The vinegar should penetrate the fibers and help lift the ink.

Next, blot the area with a dry cloth to absorb the ink and vinegar mix. Keep changing the cloth until the stain lightens or is removed.

Finally, rinse the area with water and blot it dry. This step removes any remaining vinegar and prevents residue.

In summary, vinegar can effectively remove ink stains from carpet when applied correctly. The process involves preparing a solution, applying it to the stain, and blotting to lift the ink.

Can Club Soda Be Used to Remove Ink Stains?

No, club soda is not the most effective solution for removing ink stains. While it may help in some cases, its efficacy varies depending on the type of ink and fabric.

Club soda contains carbonated water and small amounts of minerals. Its bubbling action can lift some stains from surfaces, but it lacks the necessary properties to break down more stubborn ink pigments. For ink stains, using a solution specifically designed for stain removal, such as rubbing alcohol or a commercial ink remover, is typically more effective. These substances can penetrate and dissolve the ink, making it easier to wash away. Thus, while club soda may provide some benefit, it is not the optimal choice for ink stain removal.

What Step-by-Step Process Should You Follow to Remove Ink Stains?

To remove ink stains, follow a step-by-step process that involves gathering supplies, testing the solution, applying the treatment, blotting, rinsing, and drying the area.

  1. Gather Supplies
  2. Test the Cleaning Solution
  3. Apply Cleaning Solution
  4. Blot the Stain
  5. Rinse the Area
  6. Dry the Area

Different perspectives on ink stain removal can include personal preferences for DIY methods or store-bought solutions. Some may argue for using natural ingredients, while others might prefer commercial stain removers for convenience. Additionally, experiences can vary based on the type of ink, the fabric, and the severity of the stain.

Now, let’s explore each step in detail.

  1. Gather Supplies:
    Gathering supplies is essential in the ink stain removal process. Common supplies include paper towels, clean cloths, rubbing alcohol, dish soap, and water. A clean sponge or soft-bristle brush can also aid the cleaning.

  2. Test the Cleaning Solution:
    Testing the cleaning solution is crucial to prevent fabric damage. Use a small, inconspicuous area of the material to apply the cleaning solution. This helps ensure that the solution does not cause discoloration or damage.

  3. Apply Cleaning Solution:
    Applying the cleaning solution involves treating the stain directly. For ink stains, plan to use rubbing alcohol or a mixture of dish soap and water. Dab the solution onto the stain using a clean cloth. Avoid scrubbing, which can spread the ink.

  4. Blot the Stain:
    Blotting the stain is important to lift the ink. Use a dry cloth or paper towel to gently blot the treated area. Repeat the process until the ink lifts, refreshing the cleaning solution as necessary.

  5. Rinse the Area:
    Rinsing the area is necessary to remove any remaining cleaning solution. Use a cloth dampened in water to gently clean the area. This step prevents residue buildup and keeps the fabric fresh.

  6. Dry the Area:
    Drying the area is essential to prevent moisture damage. Allow the area to air dry or use a fan to help speed up the process. Avoid using heat, as it may set any remaining stains.

Following these steps thoroughly enhances the chances of successful ink stain removal while preserving the fabric’s integrity.

What Important Precautions Should You Take When Removing Ink from Carpet?

When removing ink from carpet, it is essential to take specific precautions to avoid damaging the carpet further.

  1. Blot the stain immediately.
  2. Test cleaning solutions on a hidden area.
  3. Use a clean, white cloth for blotting.
  4. Avoid rubbing the stain.
  5. Use cold water instead of hot water.
  6. Select appropriate cleaning agents.
  7. Rinse the area thoroughly after cleaning.
  8. Dry the carpet properly to prevent mold.

These precautions ensure a systematic approach to ink removal while protecting the integrity of the carpet. Each step plays a critical role in effectively tackling the stain.

  1. Blotting the Stain Immediately:
    Blotting the stain immediately helps prevent the ink from setting deeper into the carpet fibers. It is crucial to use a clean, white cloth to absorb the ink gently. According to cleaning experts, if the ink is left untreated, it can become more challenging to remove as it dries.

  2. Testing Cleaning Solutions:
    Testing cleaning solutions on a hidden area of the carpet helps ensure that the solution will not damage or discolor the carpet. It is advisable to wait for the test area to dry before assessing any adverse reactions. This precaution minimizes the risk of large-scale damage due to testing the solution directly on the stain.

  3. Using a Clean, White Cloth:
    Utilizing a clean, white cloth while blotting is essential to avoid transferring any dyes from colored cloth onto the carpet. Colored fabrics can leave additional stains that complicate the cleaning process. Using white cloths ensures any potential transfer of color is eliminated.

  4. Avoiding Rubbing the Stain:
    Rubbing the stain can worsen the situation by pushing the ink deeper into the carpet fibers. Instead of rubbing, gently blot the area to lift the ink without damaging the fibers. This technique ensures that the stain removal process is both effective and gentle on the carpet.

  5. Selecting Cold Water:
    Using cold water instead of hot water is vital because hot water can set the ink stain permanently. Cold water helps to keep the ink in a more fluid state, allowing for easier removal. Cold temperatures are generally more effective for ink stains, as recommended by cleaning professionals.

  6. Choosing Appropriate Cleaning Agents:
    Selecting suitable cleaning agents for the specific type of ink is necessary for effective stain removal. Common alternatives include rubbing alcohol, vinegar, or specialized carpet cleaners designed for ink. Each agent should be verified to avoid any negative reactions with the carpet’s fibers.

  7. Rinsing Thoroughly:
    Rinsing the area thoroughly after cleaning helps remove any residual cleaning agents that might attract dirt and grime over time. This step ensures that the carpet remains clean without any lingering residues that could lead to long-term issues.

  8. Drying the Carpet Properly:
    Drying the carpet thoroughly is crucial to prevent the growth of mold or mildew, which can develop in damp conditions. Proper ventilation and the use of fans can aid in drying the carpet effectively after cleaning. This final precaution ensures the longevity and cleanliness of the carpet post-stain removal.

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