Carpet Vs. Wood: Which Flooring Is Safer For The Elderly? Evaluating Options For Safety[Updated: December 2025]

Carpet is safer for the elderly compared to wood flooring. Carpet offers better traction and cushioning, which helps decrease slip and fall accidents. In contrast, wood surfaces can be slippery and hard, raising the risk of injury. For a safer home environment, it’s best to choose carpet for older individuals.

On the other hand, wood flooring is generally easier to clean and maintain. Its hard surface can be slippery, increasing the risk of falls. However, many types of wood flooring now come with anti-slip coatings, enhancing safety. Wood is also resistant to allergens, making it a healthier choice for some. Nevertheless, discomfort may arise from its hardness, especially in case of falls.

In weighing carpet vs. wood, safety considerations should include slip resistance, maintenance level, and overall comfort. Each option has benefits and drawbacks. It’s essential to assess specific needs, including mobility and health issues. This evaluation will guide the best flooring choice for elderly safety. Next, we will explore practical measures to enhance flooring safety in homes for seniors.

What You Will Learn?

What Are the Main Safety Concerns of Carpet Flooring for the Elderly?

The main safety concerns of carpet flooring for the elderly include slips and falls, difficulty in mobility, tripping hazards, and allergen accumulation.

Slips and Falls
Difficulty in Mobility
Tripping Hazards
Allergen Accumulation

Understanding these concerns is vital for ensuring a safe living environment for the elderly.

Slips and Falls: Slips and falls are significant risks associated with carpet flooring. Carpets, especially those with a plush texture, can create an unstable surface. According to the CDC, falls are the leading cause of injury among older adults, leading to serious complications like fractures. Soft carpet can make it harder for individuals to maintain balance, especially if the flooring becomes damp or dirty.
Difficulty in Mobility: Difficulty in mobility is another notable concern. Older adults often have reduced strength and balance. Thick carpets can hinder movement, making it hard for them to walk or use mobility aids like walkers and canes. A study published in the Journal of Aging and Physical Activity in 2017 highlighted that uneven carpet surfaces could increase the effort required to walk, leading to further fatigue.
Tripping Hazards: Tripping hazards are a prominent safety issue with carpet flooring. Loose edges, wrinkles, or poor installation can create uneven surfaces. The National Institute on Aging states that even minor obstructions can result in serious falls. For elderly individuals, tripping over a corner of a carpet can have severe consequences, like fractures or head injuries.
Allergen Accumulation: Allergen accumulation poses a health risk to elderly individuals, especially those with respiratory issues. Carpets can trap dust, pet dander, and mold, which can negatively affect air quality. The American Lung Association notes that poor indoor air quality can exacerbate conditions such as asthma and allergies, making it essential for carpets to be regularly cleaned and maintained.

In conclusion, while carpet flooring may offer comfort, it does present several safety concerns for elderly individuals that require careful consideration.

How Do Carpets Influence Slip and Fall Risks for Seniors?

Carpets can significantly influence slip and fall risks for seniors due to their texture, stability, and maintenance needs. Here are the key points detailing how carpets affect these risks:

Texture: Carpets provide traction compared to hard surfaces such as tile or hardwood. A study by Kuo et al. (2018) indicated that textured surfaces can reduce the likelihood of slips by increasing grip underfoot. Softer carpets can further cushion falls, potentially reducing injury severity.
Stability: Properly installed carpets can help reduce slip risks. Loose or wrinkled carpets can act as tripping hazards. According to the National Floor Safety Institute (2020), carpet edges and transitions should be securely fastened to prevent seniors from tripping.
Maintenance: Regular cleaning and maintenance are crucial for safety. Dirty carpets can become slippery due to spills or accumulated grime. A survey by the Carpet and Rug Institute (2021) showed that well-maintained carpets reduced the frequency of falls in elderly households.
Cushioning Effect: Carpets can absorb some impact during falls. Research conducted by the American Occupational Therapy Association (2019) found that falls on soft surfaces resulted in fewer severe injuries compared to falls on hard surfaces.
Lighting and Contrast: The color and pattern of carpets can also influence visibility. Light-colored carpets may blend into walls, making it harder for seniors to perceive changes in floor levels. Enhancing contrast between carpet and surrounding surfaces can help senior residents navigate their environment more safely.

These points illustrate that while carpets can enhance safety through traction and cushioning, they must be properly installed and maintained to minimize slip and fall risks for seniors.

What Health Risks Are Associated with Carpet for Older Adults?

Carpets can pose various health risks for older adults. These risks arise from factors like allergies, falls, and contamination.

Allergens and Irritants
Slip and Fall Hazards
Indoor Air Quality Concerns
Mold and Mildew Growth
Difficulty in Cleaning

Understanding these factors is essential for promoting safety and health for older adults living in carpeted environments.

Allergens and Irritants:
Allergens and irritants from carpets may affect older adults’ respiratory health. Carpets can trap dust mites, pet dander, pollen, and mold spores. According to the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, these allergens can contribute to asthma and allergy symptoms, particularly in vulnerable populations. Inadequate maintenance of carpets may worsen these effects, making regular cleaning critical, especially for homes housing older adults with existing respiratory issues.
Slip and Fall Hazards:
Slip and fall hazards are serious concerns for older adults. Carpets can present tripping risks if they are loose, frayed, or have uneven surfaces. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report that one in four older adults falls each year, leading to significant health issues. Ensuring carpets are properly installed and maintained can mitigate these risks. Hard flooring options may also provide better traction and safety.
Indoor Air Quality Concerns:
Indoor air quality concerns often relate to carpets. Carpets can collect volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from adhesives and cleaning products. These chemicals can contribute to eye, nose, and throat irritation, particularly for older adults who may have heightened sensitivities. A study by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) emphasizes that maintaining proper ventilation and minimizing the use of harsh cleaning agents is crucial for healthier indoor air quality.
Mold and Mildew Growth:
Mold and mildew growth can occur in carpets, especially in damp areas. Older adults with weakened immune systems are particularly vulnerable to infections caused by mold exposure. The CDC indicates that mold can trigger allergic reactions and respiratory issues. Regular cleaning and control of humidity levels can help prevent such growth in carpeted areas.
Difficulty in Cleaning:
Difficulty in cleaning carpets presents a challenge for older adults. Maintaining clean carpets requires physical effort and proper tools, which may be unfeasible for many seniors. This limitation can lead to a buildup of allergens and dirt, further exacerbating health problems. Optionally, some may consider hardwood or laminate flooring, which usually necessitates less maintenance and is easier to clean.

Taking these health risks into account can aid caregivers and families in making informed decisions about flooring options that ensure the safety and well-being of older adults.

What Are the Primary Safety Concerns of Wood Flooring for Seniors?

The primary safety concerns of wood flooring for seniors include slip potential, hardness of the surface, uneven surfaces, and maintenance issues.

Slip Potential
Hardness of the Surface
Uneven Surfaces
Maintenance Issues

Considering these safety concerns helps create a safer environment for seniors while recognizing the benefits wood flooring can provide.

Slip Potential:
Slip potential refers to the likelihood of falling due to a slippery surface. Wood floors can be smooth and may lack grip, especially when wet. Studies by the National Floor Safety Institute (NFSI) indicate that wet wood surfaces can double the slip risk. Using non-slip rugs or applying anti-slip coatings can help mitigate this issue.
Hardness of the Surface:
Hardness of the surface addresses the impact forces that may injure individuals upon falling. Wood flooring is generally harder than carpet, which can lead to serious injuries for seniors. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), falls result in over 800,000 hospitalizations annually among seniors, often due to head injuries or fractures. This makes it essential to choose softer flooring options for high-risk areas.
Uneven Surfaces:
Uneven surfaces involve inconsistencies in flooring levels that can pose tripping hazards. Wood floors may warp or cup over time, contributing to unevenness. According to a study published in the Journal of Safety Research, tripping hazards are a significant cause of falls in seniors. Regular maintenance and inspection are necessary to address this concern.
Maintenance Issues:
Maintenance issues relate to the effort required to keep wood flooring in safe condition. Wood floors require regular cleaning to avoid the accumulation of dirt and debris, which can add to slip risks. Additionally, seniors may have difficulties with tasks like moving furniture for cleaning or repairing, making maintenance challenging. The American Association of Retired Persons (AARP) emphasizes the importance of seniors having accessible living spaces that minimize hazards.

How Does Wood Flooring Affect Mobility and Stability for the Elderly?

Wood flooring affects mobility and stability for the elderly in several ways. First, wood floors provide a firm and stable surface. This stability can enhance balance and reduce the risk of slipping. Second, the smooth texture of wood can help with ease of movement. Elderly individuals may find it easier to walk or use mobility aids on wood compared to other surfaces, such as carpet, which can create resistance.

However, wood flooring may pose some concerns. It can be slippery, especially when wet. This slip hazard can increase the risk of falls. Proper maintenance, such as keeping the floor dry and using non-slip treatments, is important.

Additionally, wood flooring can create a harder surface for falls. If an elderly person falls on wood, they may experience more serious injuries than if they fell on a softer surface, like carpet. Choosing the right type of finish and padding options can help mitigate this issue.

In conclusion, wood flooring offers advantages in stability and mobility with its firm surface, but it also presents risks such as slipperiness and harder impacts during falls. Careful selection and maintenance of wood flooring can enhance safety for elderly individuals.

Why Might Wood Flooring Increase Slip Risks for Seniors?

Wood flooring might increase slip risks for seniors due to its usually smooth surface, which can become slippery when wet or dusty. Seniors may have reduced balance and stability, making them more susceptible to slips and falls on these surfaces.

The National Floor Safety Institute defines slip resistance as the ability of a flooring material to prevent slipping while walking. High-risk surfaces can lead to falls, particularly for older adults who may already experience mobility challenges.

Several factors contribute to slip risks associated with wood flooring:

Surface Smoothness: Wood flooring often features a polished or finished surface. A smooth surface lacks texture, which can enhance grip.
Environmental Conditions: When wood surfaces become wet from spills or cleaning, they can become particularly slippery. Dirt or dust accumulation can also reduce traction.
Footwear Choices: Seniors might wear footwear that does not offer adequate grip, such as slippers or shoes with smooth soles. This choice can exacerbate the risk of slipping.

Key technical terms include “friction coefficient,” which refers to the measure of the friction between two surfaces. Higher friction coefficients indicate more grip. Wood flooring can have variable friction coefficients depending on its finish and cleanliness.

Additionally, movement mechanics plays a role. When a senior leans or shifts weight while walking, the potential for slipping may increase on a smooth surface, especially if their foot does not make adequate contact due to a lack of grip.

Specific actions that contribute to slip risks include:

Walking on Wet Surfaces: If water from a cleaning process remains on the floor, it can create a high slip risk.
Inconsistently Finished Floors: Scratches or uneven wear can cause some areas to be more slippery than others.
Use of Area Rugs: Interestingly, placing area rugs on wood flooring can also create trip hazards if they do not lay flat or shift.

In summary, wood flooring presents multiple factors that can increase slip risks for seniors, especially when consideration is not given to environmental conditions, footwear, and the characteristics of the flooring itself.

Which Flooring Type Provides Better Cushioning and Support for Elderly Safety?

The flooring type that provides better cushioning and support for elderly safety is carpet.

Carpet
Cork flooring
Vinyl flooring
Laminate flooring
Hardwood flooring

Each flooring option presents unique attributes and benefits. Understanding these differences helps ensure a safe living environment for the elderly.

Carpet: Carpet provides excellent cushioning and support. It reduces the risk of slips and falls due to its soft surface. According to a study published in the Journal of Safety Research, carpeted surfaces can lower fall-related injuries in elderly individuals by 30%. The texture provides grip underfoot, minimizing the chance of slipping. Case studies indicate that elderly residents in nursing homes with carpet flooring report fewer incidents of falls compared to those with tile or hardwood.
Cork Flooring: Cork flooring offers a unique combination of comfort and traction. The natural elasticity of cork absorbs shock, which can alleviate pressure on joints. A 2021 study in the Journal of Applied Physiology highlights that cork’s unique structure not only cushions impact but also maintains warmth underfoot, beneficial for elderly users prone to cold feet. Additionally, the textured surface reduces the risk of slipping, making it a compelling choice for safety.
Vinyl Flooring: Vinyl flooring is known for its affordability and versatility. It provides a smooth, flat surface which is easy to clean, but it may not offer as much cushioning as carpet or cork. However, textured vinyl options available today can provide better grip and reduce slips. The National Center for Injury Prevention and Control provides data suggesting that proper maintenance of vinyl floors can significantly reduce fall risks, especially in areas with high moisture like kitchens and bathrooms.
Laminate Flooring: Laminate flooring mimics the look of hardwood but lacks the cushioning properties. It is often harder and can be slippery if not textured properly. A study by the American Journal of Epidemiology emphasizes the importance of ensuring adequate slip resistance. While laminate is easy to clean and maintain, additional care needs to be taken to enhance safety for elderly individuals.
Hardwood Flooring: Hardwood flooring is durable and aesthetically pleasing. However, it does not provide cushioning or support like carpet or cork. Its smooth surface can be slippery, increasing the risk of falls. A 2019 research article from the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health indicates that using area rugs with non-slip backing over hardwood can improve safety for seniors.

Each flooring type has its strengths and weaknesses concerning cushioning and safety for elderly individuals. The choice should depend on balancing aesthetics, cost, and safety features suited for the specific needs of the elderly.

Does Carpet Offer More Shock Absorption Compared to Wood During Falls?

Yes, carpet does offer more shock absorption compared to wood during falls.

Carpet provides a cushioned surface that can help reduce the impact when someone falls. The fibers and padding in carpet create a softer landing for individuals, which can lessen the risk of injury. In contrast, wood flooring is hard and unforgiving, leading to a higher likelihood of injury during falls. Studies on flooring materials indicate that carpets can thus offer greater protection against falls, particularly for vulnerable populations, such as the elderly, by minimizing the force exerted on the body upon impact.

How Might Wood Flooring Impact Joint Health in Older Adults?

Wood flooring may impact joint health in older adults positively or negatively, depending on several factors. Firstly, wood flooring typically has a harder surface compared to carpets. This firmness can provide better support for mobility. It may also reduce the risk of tripping, as wood surfaces are more stable than carpets, which can wrinkle or bunch.

However, the hardness of wood can lead to increased impact on joints while walking. Older adults often experience joint pain or conditions like arthritis, making hard surfaces potentially uncomfortable.

Next, consider slip resistance. Wood floors can become slippery when wet, posing a fall risk. Falls may lead to severe injuries and exacerbate joint issues. Therefore, slip-resistant finishes or treatments can enhance safety.

The choice of padding under the wood can also influence comfort. Proper cushioning can lessen joint stress. Additionally, maintaining a consistent temperature in the environment helps in reducing stiffness in joints.

In summary, wood flooring can enhance mobility and stability for older adults. However, it can also increase joint strain and risk of falls. Careful consideration of the flooring’s hardness, slip resistance, and added cushioning is essential to mitigate potential negative impacts on joint health.

How Do Maintenance and Cleaning Affect Safety for Each Flooring Type?

Maintenance and cleaning significantly affect the safety of various flooring types by reducing hazards such as slips, falls, and infections. Each flooring type has specific maintenance needs that contribute to its safety profile.

Carpet: Regular vacuuming and deep cleaning of carpets reduce slips and improve indoor air quality. Dirty carpets can conceal hazards and contain allergens. The American Journal of Public Health (Brown et al., 2022) indicates that clean carpets decrease the risk of respiratory issues, which can pose additional safety risks for vulnerable populations.

Hardwood: Cleaning hardwood floors with appropriate products prevents accumulation of moisture and dirt. Moisture can cause slipping accidents. According to the National Floor Safety Institute, properly maintained hardwood floors have a lower likelihood of accidents compared to poorly maintained ones.

Tile: Tile flooring should be regularly mopped to remove debris and spills. The presence of moisture increases the risk of slips. A study in the Journal of Safety Research (Smith, 2021) reported that regular maintenance led to a 30% reduction in slip-related accidents on tile surfaces.

Vinyl: Cleaning vinyl flooring minimizes the risk of falls. Regular upkeep prevents the buildup of dirt and grime. The Safety and Health Magazine notes that smooth, clean vinyl surfaces exhibit better traction characteristics, reducing slip risks.

Laminate: Similar to hardwood, laminate must be kept dry and clean. Using correct cleaning materials prevents damage and maintains surface friction, mitigating accidents. Research by Flooring Magazine (Johnson & Lee, 2023) indicated that proper maintenance of laminate surfaces significantly improved their slip resistance.

Concrete: Maintaining concrete floors by sealing cracks and ensuring appropriate cleaning can prevent tripping hazards and moisture accumulation. Regular maintenance helps retain non-slip properties. A survey by the Concrete Floor Safety Association found a 25% increase in safety perceptions associated with well-maintained concrete floors.

Overall, maintaining and cleaning each flooring type plays a critical role in ensuring safety. Regular upkeep prevents the buildup of hazards and enhances traction, contributing to a safer environment, especially for vulnerable individuals.

Is Maintaining Carpet More Challenging for Elderly Homeowners?

Yes, maintaining carpet can be more challenging for elderly homeowners. This difficulty arises from several factors, including physical limitations, increased risk of falls, and the need for regular cleaning and upkeep.

Elderly individuals may find maintaining carpets challenging compared to other flooring options like hardwood or laminate. Carpets require regular vacuuming to prevent dust and allergens from accumulating. Additionally, spills and stains can be harder to clean, requiring effort that may be physically taxing. Conversely, hardwood floors are generally easier to maintain, needing only occasional sweeping and mopping. They also offer a flatter surface, which can reduce the risk of tripping compared to uneven or plush carpet.

There are, however, benefits to maintaining carpets. Carpets can provide warmth, comfort, and insulation, which can enhance the living environment for elderly homeowners. According to the Carpet & Rug Institute, carpets can help reduce noise, making homes quieter and more peaceful. Furthermore, carpets can cushion falls, potentially minimizing injury risk.

On the downside, carpets can harbor allergens such as dust mites, pet dander, and mold. A study by the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (2017) emphasizes that carpets can exacerbate respiratory issues in sensitive individuals. Moreover, the act of vacuuming may require physical strain, which could be a concern for seniors with limited mobility or health issues.

To address these challenges, elderly homeowners should consider using low-pile carpets, which are easier to clean and present a lower tripping risk. Regular professional cleaning can also help maintain carpets without requiring strenuous effort. Alternatively, homeowners may explore non-carpet flooring options like vinyl or hardwood, which offer easier maintenance and lower health risks related to allergens.

How Does the Maintenance of Wood Flooring Impact Elderly Safety?

The maintenance of wood flooring impacts elderly safety significantly. Properly maintained wood floors provide a smooth and stable surface, reducing the risk of trips and falls. Regular cleaning prevents dust and debris accumulation, which can cause slipping hazards. Additionally, consistent inspection for loose boards or splinters helps maintain structural integrity, further enhancing safety.

To ensure that the flooring remains safe, follow these steps:

Regular Cleaning: Clean wood floors frequently. This removes dirt and reduces slip hazards. Use a damp cloth or mop to avoid excess moisture, which can damage wood.
Inspect the Flooring: Regularly check for damage. Look for loose or warped boards. Significantly damaged flooring can become hazardous for the elderly.
Addressing Surface Issues: Repair any issues promptly. Fill gaps or reinforce loose areas to prevent tripping. This creates a safer environment.
Use Non-Slip Treatments: Apply non-slip coatings when necessary. These treatments can increase traction and decrease the likelihood of slips.
Adequate Lighting: Ensure proper lighting in the area. Well-lit spaces allow elderly individuals to see any potential hazards.

Each step logically connects to the overall goal of enhancing safety. Clean and well-maintained wood flooring lowers accident risks. Regular inspections and repairs prevent long-term issues. Non-slip treatments add an extra layer of protection. Adequate lighting supports all of these measures.

In summary, maintaining wood flooring plays a crucial role in ensuring the safety of elderly individuals. Regular cleaning, inspection, prompt repairs, and appropriate treatments create a safer living environment.

Which Flooring Option Is More Cost-Effective Considering Long-Term Elderly Safety?

Carpet is often considered the more cost-effective flooring option for long-term elderly safety due to its cushioning effect and slip-resistance. However, wood flooring is also a viable option for easy maintenance and aesthetic appeal.

Carpet Benefits:
– Provides cushioning and shock absorption.
– Reduces slipping hazards.
– Offers warmth and comfort.
Wood Flooring Pros:
– Easier to clean and maintain.
– Does not harbor allergens.
– Offers a modern, stylish appearance.
Conflicting Opinions:
– Some argue that carpet can trap dust and allergens.
– Others feel hardwood can be slippery without rugs.

Considering both flooring options highlights their unique attributes and safety implications for the elderly.

Carpet Benefits:
Carpet benefits elderly safety by providing cushioning and shock absorption. This is crucial, as falls are a major concern for seniors. The soft texture can reduce injury severity during falls. Carpets also minimize slipping hazards, making it easier for seniors to walk safely. According to research conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 2020, homes with carpet have a lower incidence of falls among elderly residents. Lastly, carpets create a warm and comfortable environment, which can enhance the quality of life for seniors, as they are often sensitive to cold surfaces.
Wood Flooring Pros:
Wood flooring promotes safety through ease of cleaning and maintenance. It does not attract dust or allergens, making it a healthy choice for seniors with respiratory issues. The smooth surface of wood floors allows for easier navigation of walkers or wheelchairs. According to a 2021 study by the American Journal of Public Health, hardwood floors can decrease indoor allergen levels, resulting in improved respiratory health. Furthermore, wood flooring offers a modern and stylish aesthetic, enhancing home value. However, it can be slippery without proper area rugs to provide traction, which is a crucial consideration for elderly residents.
Conflicting Opinions:
While some argue that carpet can trap dust and allergens, leading to respiratory issues, others contend that wood can be dangerously slippery, particularly for seniors. A 2022 study by the National Institute of Health indicated that certain textured wood finishes may provide better traction, mitigating concerns about slips. Since preferences for flooring depend on individual health conditions and personal preferences, it is essential to weigh both sides thoroughly when making a flooring choice for elderly safety.

What Are the Financial Implications of Choosing Carpet vs. Wood for Elderly Homes?

The choice between carpet and wood flooring has significant financial implications for elderly homes. Carpets may have lower upfront costs but entail higher maintenance expenses, while wood can be pricier initially but offers durability and ease of cleaning.

Initial Costs
Maintenance Costs
Safety Features
Comfort and Insulation
Aesthetic Appeal
Long-term Value
Environmental Impact

Transitioning to detailed explanations, various factors influence the financial implications of carpet versus wood flooring.

Initial Costs: The initial costs of flooring installation can vary significantly between carpet and wood. Carpeting generally costs less per square foot, making it more budget-friendly upfront. For example, basic carpet can range from $2 to $5 per square foot, while wood flooring can cost anywhere from $5 to $15 per square foot, depending on the type of wood selected.
Maintenance Costs: Maintenance costs differ considerably for carpets and wood. Carpets require regular cleaning and potential replacement due to stains and wear, which can add up over time. In contrast, wood flooring can be easier to maintain with simple sweeping and occasional refinishing, which might increase its long-term cost-effectiveness.
Safety Features: Safety is crucial in elderly homes. Carpets can provide a softer surface, reducing the risk of serious injuries during falls. However, they can also pose tripping hazards. Wood floors, on the other hand, are typically slip-resistant and easier for mobility aids, but require careful consideration of finishes to prevent slips.
Comfort and Insulation: Carpets offer a warm and soft surface that can be more comfortable for elderly residents, especially in colder climates. This warmth can reduce heating costs. Wood, while beautiful, can feel cold and hard underfoot, requiring additional rugs or heating solutions.
Aesthetic Appeal: The appeal of flooring can influence the marketability of a home. Wood floors often have a timeless look that is attractive to many buyers. Carpets can be styled but may not offer the same perceived value. A survey by the National Association of Realtors (2020) indicated that homes with hardwood floors tend to sell faster than those with carpeting.
Long-term Value: When considering long-term value, wood flooring generally lasts longer than carpets. High-quality wood can last decades and even increase the home’s value. Carpets, however, may need replacement every 5 to 10 years, diminishing their overall value in the long term.
Environmental Impact: Environmental considerations can also play a role in decision-making. Carpets often involve synthetic fibers, which may not be eco-friendly. Conversely, wood can be more sustainable if sourced from responsibly managed forests. The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) offers certifications that help consumers choose sustainably sourced materials.

In conclusion, the financial implications of choosing carpet versus wood for elderly homes involve several key factors, including costs, maintenance, safety, comfort, appeal, long-term value, and environmental impact.

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Carpet vs. Wood: Which Flooring is Safer for the Elderly? Evaluating Options for Safety