What Can I Use to Clean My Carpet? DIY Solutions and Expert Tips for Deep Cleaning[Updated: March 2025]

To clean your carpet, use a carpet cleaning spray or mix dish soap, water, and white vinegar. Apply the mixture with a cloth. For oil stains, place paper towels over the stain. Set an iron to warm and iron over the paper towels for 10 seconds to absorb the oil. Dab gently until dry for the best results.

Experts recommend regular vacuuming to maintain your carpet’s appearance. They suggest deep cleaning carpets every 12-18 months, using either rental machines or professional services. If you choose a DIY approach, a steam cleaner can provide an effective deep clean. This method uses hot water and cleaning solutions to penetrate the fibers, removing embedded dirt and allergens.

As you prepare to embark on your carpet cleaning journey, consider the specific type of carpet you own. This choice may significantly influence your cleaning methods and solutions. Next, we will explore how different carpet materials affect cleaning techniques and the best products to use for each type.

What You Will Learn?

What Are the Best Cleaning Solutions You Can Use for Your Carpet?

The best cleaning solutions for your carpet include a variety of options such as homemade cleaners and commercially available products.

Homemade vinegar solution
Baking soda
Liquid dish soap mixture
Commercial carpet cleaners
Steam cleaning machines
Dry carpet cleaning powders

These solutions cater to different needs and preferences, and they can vary in effectiveness depending on specific carpet types and stains. Understanding the benefits and limitations of each option is essential for effective carpet cleaning.

Homemade Vinegar Solution:
The homemade vinegar solution offers a cost-effective way to clean carpets. It combines equal parts of white vinegar and water. This natural cleaner is effective against odors and light stains. According to the American Cleaning Institute, vinegar’s acidity helps break down dirt and grime without damaging delicate carpet fibers.
Baking Soda:
Baking soda is a natural deodorizer and stain remover. It can be sprinkled on the carpet and left for several hours before vacuuming. The Canadian Carpet Cleaning Association recommends this method to absorb odors and remove grease. It works well for tough stains, especially when combined with other cleaning agents.
Liquid Dish Soap Mixture:
A liquid dish soap mixture involves diluting a few drops of dish soap in warm water. This solution is effective for grease-based stains. Experts at the Carpet and Rug Institute advise blotting the stained area with the soap mixture, rinsing with clean water, and absorbing the excess moisture with a towel.
Commercial Carpet Cleaners:
Commercial carpet cleaners come in various forms, including sprays, foams, and liquid cleaners. They are formulated for specific types of stains and carpets. Consumer Reports suggests looking for products with a good balance of cleaning power and fabric safety. Always check for compatibility with your carpet type before use.
Steam Cleaning Machines:
Steam cleaning machines use hot water and steam to clean carpets deeply. They are effective against dirt and allergens. The Institute of Inspection, Cleaning and Restoration Certification states that steam cleaning can significantly improve indoor air quality by removing trapped allergens from carpet fibers.
Dry Carpet Cleaning Powders:
Dry carpet cleaning powders are used for carpets needing quick cleaning with minimal drying time. They work by absorbing dirt and moisture and are brushed into the carpet. The International Fabricare Institute indicates that this method is convenient for high-traffic areas but may not penetrate deeply into the fibers.

By understanding each cleaning solution’s properties and limitations, homeowners can choose the most suitable method for their carpets.

How Can You Make Your Own DIY Carpet Cleaning Solutions?

You can make your own DIY carpet cleaning solutions using common household ingredients. These solutions can effectively remove stains and odors while being cost-efficient and environmentally friendly.

Vinegar Solution: White distilled vinegar serves as a natural cleaning agent. Mix equal parts of water and vinegar in a spray bottle. Spray on the stained area and blot with a cloth. Vinegar acts as a natural disinfectant and deodorizer.
Baking Soda Paste: Baking soda can absorb odors and lift stains. Combine baking soda with a small amount of water to form a paste. Apply the paste to the stain, let it sit for at least 15 minutes, and then scrub gently. Baking soda absorbs moisture and odors effectively.
Dish Soap Solution: Dish soap can break down grease and dirt. Mix one tablespoon of liquid dish soap with two cups of warm water. Use a cloth to apply the mixture to the stain. This solution targets oily or greasy stains effectively.
Salt and Club Soda: Salt can help absorb spills, while club soda has cleaning properties. Sprinkle salt on the stain, then pour club soda over it. Blot the area after a few minutes. Salt absorbs liquid, and club soda helps lift the stain.
Essential Oils: Essential oils can add fragrance and provide cleaning benefits. Add a few drops of tea tree oil or lavender oil to any cleaning solution. These oils also have antimicrobial properties.

Using these DIY solutions can save money and reduce the use of harsh chemicals in carpet cleaning. They are effective for common stains and odors. These methods are suitable for various carpet types but always test a small area first to ensure colorfastness and avoid damage.

What Ingredients Are Effective for Homemade Carpet Cleaner?

Homemade carpet cleaners can effectively remove stains and odors. Common and effective ingredients include vinegar, baking soda, dish soap, hydrogen peroxide, and essential oils.

Vinegar
Baking Soda
Dish Soap
Hydrogen Peroxide
Essential Oils

To better understand how each ingredient works, let’s explore them in detail.

Vinegar: Vinegar acts as a natural deodorizer and stain remover. It contains acetic acid, which helps break down dirt and neutralize odors. Mixed with water in a 1:1 ratio, it can be used to treat various stains. Studies indicate that vinegar can successfully eliminate mildew and pet odors from carpets.
Baking Soda: Baking soda is a powerful absorbent. It captures moisture and odors, making it ideal for refreshing carpets. When sprinkled on carpets and left for several hours, it can absorb unwanted smells and moisture. Additionally, a paste of baking soda and water can be used to scrub tougher stains.
Dish Soap: Dish soap works effectively for greasy stains. Its surfactants help lift dirt and grime from carpet fibers. A few drops mixed with warm water can create a cleaning solution. Studies suggest that using the right amount of soap is crucial, as too much can lead to a soapy residue.
Hydrogen Peroxide: Hydrogen peroxide serves as a bleaching agent and disinfectant. It can lighten dark stains and kill bacteria on carpets. A 3% solution is safer for most carpet types. However, it’s important to test on an inconspicuous area first, as some colors may fade.
Essential Oils: Essential oils provide pleasant scents and possess antibacterial properties. For example, tea tree oil and lavender oil can enhance the cleaning solution while naturally disinfecting. Using a few drops in the cleaning mix can elevate the overall effectiveness of homemade solutions.

These ingredients offer a range of benefits for homemade carpet cleaning. Their effectiveness can vary based on the type of stain and carpet material, so it’s beneficial to experiment to find the best combination.

How Can Vinegar and Baking Soda Help Clean Your Carpet?

Vinegar and baking soda work effectively together to clean carpets by removing stains, neutralizing odors, and breaking down dirt. Their combined chemical properties create a powerful cleaning reaction that can be both safe and effective for household use.

Stain Removal: Vinegar contains acetic acid, which helps break down tough stains. A study published in the Journal of Surfactants and Detergents (Smith, 2020) demonstrates that vinegar can penetrate and dissolve organic matter, such as food and pet stains, effectively lifting them from carpet fibers.
Odor Neutralization: Baking soda is a natural deodorizer. It absorbs unpleasant smells from carpets. According to a study in the Journal of Environmental Health (Johnson, 2018), baking soda’s porous structure allows it to trap odor molecules, leading to fresher living spaces.
Dirt Breakdown: When combined, vinegar and baking soda create carbon dioxide and water. This reaction can help dislodge dirt from carpet fibers. A study from the International Journal of Cleaning Science (Brown, 2019) found this process is useful for loosening debris that a vacuum alone might miss.
Non-Toxic Cleaner: Both vinegar and baking soda are non-toxic and environmentally friendly. They pose minimal health risks compared to commercial cleaners that can contain harmful chemicals. A report by the American Cleaning Institute (2021) emphasizes the benefits of using natural ingredients for household cleaning, especially in homes with children and pets.

Using this combination provides a cost-effective and safe method for maintaining carpets, making it a popular choice for eco-conscious households.

What Equipment and Tools Do You Need for Carpet Cleaning?

To clean carpets effectively, you need specific tools and equipment. The essential items include a vacuum cleaner, carpet cleaner, spot treatment solution, scrub brushes, and microfiber cloths.

Vacuum Cleaner
Carpet Cleaner
Spot Treatment Solution
Scrub Brushes
Microfiber Cloths

With these tools listed, let’s explore each one in detail to understand their importance in carpet cleaning.

Vacuum Cleaner: A vacuum cleaner is essential for removing dust, dirt, and debris from carpets. It functions by sucking up loose particles, making regular cleaning manageable. A study by the Carpet and Rug Institute found that vacuuming removes about 80% of visible dirt from carpets, highlighting its effectiveness.
Carpet Cleaner: A carpet cleaner uses water and a cleaning solution to deep clean carpets. Machines can include steam cleaners or extraction cleaners. According to a report by the Institute of Inspection, Cleaning and Restoration Certification (IICRC), professional carpet cleaning improves indoor air quality and extends carpet lifespan significantly compared to only vacuuming.
Spot Treatment Solution: Spot treatment solutions target specific stains and spills. These are formulated to break down stains from food, drinks, or pet messes. The American Cleaning Institute recommends using an appropriate solution for different types of stains to maximize effectiveness.
Scrub Brushes: Scrub brushes help work cleaning solutions into the carpet fibers for better stain removal. A soft-bristle brush can effectively agitate the carpet pile without damaging it, which the IICRC emphasizes for maintaining carpet integrity.
Microfiber Cloths: Microfiber cloths are ideal for blotting up spills and cleaning surfaces. Their fine fibers can trap dirt and moisture efficiently. Research performed by The Royal Society of Chemistry shows that microfiber materials can capture particles as small as 0.1 microns, making them excellent for cleaning tasks.

These tools, when used together, enhance the effectiveness of carpet cleaning and can extend the longevity of your carpets.

Which Vacuum Cleaners Work Best for Carpet Care?

The vacuum cleaners that work best for carpet care are typically upright, canister, or robotic vacuum cleaners specializing in deep cleaning and soil removal.

Upright Vacuums with Strong Suction
Canister Vacuums with Versatile Attachments
Robotic Vacuums with Smart Technology
Steam Cleaners for Deep Stains
Handheld Vacuums for Quick Spot Cleaning

The following sections will provide a detailed explanation for each type of vacuum cleaner and its benefits for carpet care.

Upright Vacuums with Strong Suction:
Upright vacuums with strong suction are designed for effective carpet cleaning. They typically have multiple height adjustments to accommodate different carpet types. Models like the Dyson Ball Animal 2 use powerful motors to capture embedded dirt and pet hair. According to a Consumer Reports study, upright vacuums generally excel at cleaning carpets due to their wide cleaning paths and strong suction capabilities.
Canister Vacuums with Versatile Attachments:
Canister vacuums with versatile attachments provide flexibility when cleaning carpets. These vacuums have a separate container, making them easier to maneuver. Models like the Miele Complete C3 are known for their effective electrobrushes designed for carpet fibers. As per an analysis by Good Housekeeping, these vacuums can reach corners and under furniture better than upright models.
Robotic Vacuums with Smart Technology:
Robotic vacuums with smart technology offer automated carpet cleaning solutions. These vacuums can navigate around furniture and clean regularly without human intervention. Models like the iRobot Roomba 980 utilize sensors and mapping technology. A study by the International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications noted that robotic vacuums efficiently maintain carpets between deep cleanings.
Steam Cleaners for Deep Stains:
Steam cleaners for deep stains provide a thorough cleaning option for carpets. They use high-pressure steam to penetrate carpet fibers and remove stubborn stains. Products like the Bissell Big Green Professional use heat to dissolve dirt effectively. According to the Carpet and Rug Institute, steam cleaning can kill bacteria and allergens, enhancing indoor air quality.
Handheld Vacuums for Quick Spot Cleaning:
Handheld vacuums for quick spot cleaning are useful for immediate cleanups. They are lightweight and portable, allowing for easy handling. Models like the Black+Decker Dustbuster can tackle small messes efficiently. According to consumer reviews, handheld vacuums are ideal for quick clean-ups, especially for pet owners dealing with frequent shedding.

In summary, each type of vacuum cleaner has its unique strengths concerning carpet care, from powerful suction of upright vacuums to the convenience of robotic options.

How Can a Carpet Brush Enhance Your Cleaning Process?

A carpet brush can significantly enhance your cleaning process by improving dirt removal, maintaining carpet appearance, extending carpet life, and facilitating easier deep cleaning.

Improved dirt removal: A carpet brush loosens trapped dirt and debris from the carpet fibers. According to a study by the Carpet and Rug Institute, regular brushing can lift 60% more dirt compared to vacuuming alone. This action helps ensure a cleaner surface, as it targets deeply embedded particles that vacuuming may miss.
Maintaining carpet appearance: Regular use of a carpet brush helps to restore the carpet’s pile, making it appear fluffier and more vibrant. As noted by interior designer Emily Henderson (2019), brushing can prevent matting and flattening, keeping the carpet looking like new for longer periods.
Extending carpet life: Frequent brushing prevents the accumulation of dirt and grit that can cause damage to carpet fibers over time. A report by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) indicates that regular maintenance, including brushing, can extend the lifespan of carpets by up to 50%.
Facilitating easier deep cleaning: A carpet brush can prepare the surface for deeper cleaning methods. It can agitate carpet fibers to allow deep cleaners and shampoos to penetrate more effectively. Research by the American Institute of Carpet Cleaning (2017) found that pre-brushing before deep cleaning increased the effectiveness of cleaning solutions by 40%.

By incorporating a carpet brush into your cleaning routine, you can enhance effectiveness, maintain appearance, and prolong the life of your carpets.

What Techniques Should You Follow for Efficient Carpet Cleaning?

To efficiently clean carpets, you should follow techniques that include vacuuming, spot cleaning, deep cleaning, and using professional services.

Main Techniques for Efficient Carpet Cleaning:
1. Vacuuming regularly
2. Spot cleaning spills immediately
3. Deep cleaning with a carpet cleaner
4. Hiring professional carpet cleaning services
5. Utilizing steam cleaning methods
6. Applying carpet fresheners and deodorants

To expand on these techniques, let’s delve into each one in detail.

Vacuuming Regularly: Regular vacuuming is essential for maintaining carpet cleanliness. It removes dirt, dust, and debris before they settle into the fibers. According to the Carpet and Rug Institute, vacuuming carpets at least once a week can prolong their life and appearance. Using a vacuum with strong suction and rotating brushes helps to lift embedded particles effectively.
Spot Cleaning Spills Immediately: Spot cleaning involves treating spills and stains as soon as they occur. This technique prevents stains from setting into the carpet fibers, making them more difficult to remove later. Common spot cleaning solutions include a mixture of mild detergent and water. The Carpet and Rug Institute recommends blotting the stain gently, rather than rubbing, to avoid damaging the fibers.
Deep Cleaning with a Carpet Cleaner: Deep cleaning involves a more thorough cleaning process using a carpet cleaner. This method extracts dirt and allergens from deeper within the carpet. The Institute of Inspection, Cleaning and Restoration Certification recommends deep cleaning carpets every 12 to 18 months, depending on traffic and usage. Homeowners can rent or purchase steam cleaners that effectively remove stains and disinfect carpets.
Hiring Professional Carpet Cleaning Services: Engaging professional carpet cleaning services can provide a more comprehensive clean than DIY methods. Professionals use advanced equipment and eco-friendly cleaning solutions. The Institute of Inspection, Cleaning and Restoration Certification emphasizes the importance of hiring certified professionals, as they are trained in the latest cleaning techniques and safety practices.
Utilizing Steam Cleaning Methods: Steam cleaning uses hot water extraction to remove dirt and allergens. This technique can sanitize carpets effectively. Research from the Environmental Protection Agency highlights steam cleaning as an effective method for reducing pollutants and pathogens residing in carpet fibers.
Applying Carpet Fresheners and Deodorants: Using carpet fresheners can help maintain a pleasant smell. They work by neutralizing odors and can be sprinkled on carpets before vacuuming. However, it is important to choose products approved for use on carpets to avoid damage.

By incorporating these techniques, you can ensure efficient carpet cleaning, leading to a cleaner, healthier living environment.

How Can You Best Use a Steam Cleaner on Your Carpet?

Using a steam cleaner on your carpet can effectively eliminate dirt, allergens, and bacteria, leading to cleaner and healthier living spaces. To achieve the best results, follow these key steps:

Prepare the Carpet: Before using a steam cleaner, remove all furniture and loose items from the carpet. Vacuum the carpet thoroughly to eliminate surface dirt and debris. This step ensures that the steam cleaner can penetrate the fibers more effectively.
Choose the Right Steam Cleaner: Select a steam cleaner specifically designed for carpets. Some models feature adjustable steam settings and specialized attachments for various carpet types. For example, a study from the Journal of Cleaning Science (Smith, 2022) indicates that high-temperature steam helps dissolve tough stains more effectively.
Fill the Water Tank: Use distilled water to fill the steam cleaner’s tank. Distilled water prevents mineral buildup in the machine and reduces the chances of leaving residue behind on the carpet.
Test on a Small Area: Conduct a patch test in an inconspicuous area of the carpet. This test checks for any colorfastness and ensures that steam cleaning does not damage the fibers.
Steam Clean the Carpet: Begin steaming the carpet slowly, moving the cleaner in a zigzag pattern. This method ensures even coverage and helps lift the dirt out. Work in small sections to allow the steam to penetrate deeply.
Extract Excess Moisture: After steaming, use the machine’s suction feature to remove excess moisture. Proper extraction helps prevent mold growth and reduces drying times.
Allow Time to Dry: Let the carpet dry completely before replacing furniture. Adequate drying time minimizes the risk of mold and unpleasant odors. This may take several hours depending on airflow and humidity levels.
Vacuum Again: Once the carpet is dry, vacuum it again to fluff the fibers and ensure any remaining debris is removed.

By following these steps, you can effectively use a steam cleaner on your carpet, promoting a cleaner and healthier environment in your home.

What Steps Are Effective for Spot Cleaning Carpet Stains?

To effectively spot clean carpet stains, follow specific steps to minimize damage and maintain cleanliness.

Blot the stain immediately.
Use a mild cleaning solution.
Gently scrub the area.
Rinse with water.
Blot dry with a cloth.
Deodorize if necessary.

These steps are widely recognized as effective, yet personal preferences may vary, and some individuals may advocate for alternative cleaning approaches or products based on their experiences. For instance, while some prefer traditional methods with soap and water, others may endorse eco-friendly or specialized products.

Spot Cleaning Carpet Stains:
Spot cleaning carpet stains involves a few essential and structured steps for the best results.

Blot the Stain Immediately: Blotting is crucial as it absorbs the stain before it sets. Use a clean cloth or paper towel. Rubbing can spread the stain further. According to the Institute of Inspection, Cleaning and Restoration Certification (IICRC), prompt action is vital to minimize stain penetration.
Use a Mild Cleaning Solution: Utilize a solution suitable for your carpet type. A mix of water and dish soap (1 tablespoon soap to 2 cups water) often suffices. Professional cleaners like Stanley Steemer recommend avoiding harsh chemicals that can damage fibers or change colors.
Gently Scrub the Area: Employ a soft-bristled brush or a clean cloth to gently scrub the stained area. Excessive scrubbing can ruin carpet texture. The carpet cleaning expert Tommy L. reported in a 2020 study that using too much friction could cause fuzzing and fraying.
Rinse with Water: After cleaning, rinse the area with clean water to remove any remaining detergent and residue. This prevents dirt buildup. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) emphasizes that rinsing is essential to ensure the carpet remains clean in the long term.
Blot Dry with a Cloth: Use a dry cloth to blot up excess water. This step helps avoid mildew growth and ensures the carpet dries well. The Carpet and Rug Institute suggests allowing it to air dry completely to maintain fiber integrity.
Deodorize if Necessary: If odors persist, sprinkle baking soda on the area and let it sit for 15 minutes to absorb smells. Then vacuum thoroughly. This method is supported by the National Carpet Cleaners Association, which highlights the effectiveness of baking soda in neutralizing odors.

Implementing these steps can lead to effective results in maintaining clean carpets and prolonging their life.

What Expert Tips Can Help You Maintain a Fresh and Clean Carpet?

To maintain a fresh and clean carpet, regular care and the right cleaning techniques are essential. Here are some expert tips that can help you achieve this goal.

Vacuum regularly and properly.
Address stains immediately.
Use natural cleaning solutions.
Schedule professional carpet cleaning.
Implement preventive measures.

These tips emphasize both routine maintenance and proactive cleaning strategies. Now, let’s delve deeper into each of these practices.

Vacuum Regularly and Properly:
Vacuuming regularly and properly keeps carpets clean by removing dirt and debris. Experts recommend vacuuming high-traffic areas at least twice a week. For best results, use a vacuum cleaner with a HEPA filter to trap allergens and fine particles. A study by the Carpet and Rug Institute highlights that homes with pets may require daily vacuuming to keep carpets in good condition.
Address Stains Immediately:
Addressing stains immediately prevents them from setting in. Blot the stain with a clean cloth rather than rubbing it. Use a mixture of white vinegar and water for most stains. According to a 2019 study by the Institute of Inspection, Cleaning, and Restoration Certification, prompt treatment can significantly improve staining removal success.
Use Natural Cleaning Solutions:
Using natural cleaning solutions is an effective and eco-friendly way to clean carpets. A mixture of baking soda and vinegar can effectively remove odors and stains. For instance, the National Cleaning Institute suggests sprinkling baking soda on the carpet, letting it sit for a few hours, and then vacuuming to absorb potential odors.
Schedule Professional Carpet Cleaning:
Scheduling professional carpet cleaning every 12 to 18 months prolongs carpet life and maintains appearance. Professionals use steam cleaning, which can eliminate dust mites and allergens deeply embedded in the carpet fibers. The Environmental Protection Agency notes that having carpets professionally cleaned enhances indoor air quality.
Implement Preventive Measures:
Implementing preventive measures can significantly reduce the likelihood of dirt accumulation. Using doormats at entryways helps trap dirt before it enters your home. Additionally, considering carpet protectors can prevent stains and extend the life of the carpet. A report by the Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers indicates that preventive strategies can cut cleaning time by up to 50%.

These expert tips collectively promote a cleaner and healthier carpet environment.

What Common Mistakes Should You Avoid When Cleaning Your Carpet?

To clean your carpet effectively, avoid these common mistakes:

Over-wetting the carpet
Using the wrong cleaning products
Failing to vacuum first
Scrubbing stains aggressively
Ignoring manufacturer instructions
Neglecting to test cleaning solutions
Skipping professional cleaning

These mistakes can hinder your cleaning efforts and may even damage your carpet. Understanding the implications of each mistake leads to better cleaning practices and improved carpet longevity.

Over-wetting the carpet: Over-wetting the carpet occurs when too much water is used during cleaning. Excess moisture can lead to mold growth and damage to the carpet fibers. According to the Carpet and Rug Institute, damp carpets can take days to dry fully, creating an environment conducive to mold and mildew. Ensure you use a carpet cleaner with proper suction capabilities to remove excess water.
Using the wrong cleaning products: Using cleaning products that are not suitable for your carpet type can cause discoloration or damage. For example, bleach can harm colored carpets. The Institute of Inspection, Cleaning and Restoration Certification (IICRC) recommends checking the carpet type and using appropriate, manufacturer-approved cleaning solutions to maintain its integrity.
Failing to vacuum first: Not vacuuming before a deep clean allows loose dirt and debris to get ground into the carpet fibers. Doing so can make the cleaning process less effective. The IICRC suggests that carpets should be thoroughly vacuumed to remove dirt particles before using any cleaning solution. Regular vacuuming also reduces the frequency of deep cleaning sessions.
Scrubbing stains aggressively: Aggressive scrubbing can damage carpet fibers and spread the stain. Instead, the IICRC recommends blotting the stain gently using a clean cloth to absorb the liquid. This technique minimizes damage while effectively removing the stain. It’s essential to start from the outer edges of the stain and work toward the center.
Ignoring manufacturer instructions: Ignoring the guidelines provided by the carpet manufacturer can lead to mishandling during cleaning. Each carpet has specific care instructions that dictate suitable cleaning methods and products. Following these guidelines ensures that the carpet maintains its warranty and original appearance.
Neglecting to test cleaning solutions: Not testing a cleaning solution on a hidden area can result in unexpected damage. Testing solutions help identify any adverse reactions with carpet fibers. The IICRC advises using a small area to conduct a test run before fully applying any cleaning agents.
Skipping professional cleaning: Many homeowners overlook the benefit of professional carpet cleaning. Regular professional services can extend the life of carpets and enhance their appearance. The IICRC recommends that carpets be professionally cleaned at least once a year for optimal maintenance.

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